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axon |
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axon [ˈæksɒn], axone [ˈæksəʊn] n (Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Biology) the long threadlike extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses from the cell body Compare dendrite [via New Latin from Greek: axis, axle, vertebra] axonal adj
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Myelin is stripped, axons (nerve fibers) have broken, and entire nerve cells have died. While experimenting on optic nerves in rats, Larry Benowitz of Children's Hospital in Boston and his colleagues discovered by accident that scratching or poking the lens in an animal's eye could prompt damaged neurons to regrow axons farther toward the brain than researchers had ever seen. Stem cells known as normal human neural progenitor (NHNP) cells develop into three types of brain cells: neurons, which receive and transmit electrical signals via axons and synapses; astrocytes, which manage neurons' surrounding environment; and oligodendrocytes, which produce myelin, the fatty sheath that insulates axons. |
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