by

by ¹  (b)

prep.

1. Close to; next to: the window by the door.

2. With the use or help of; through: We came by the back road.

3. Up to and beyond; past: We drove by the house.

4. At or to: stopped by the bakery; came by the house.

5. In the period of; during: sleeping by day.

6. Not later than: by 5:30 p.m.

7.

a. In the amount of: letters by the thousands.

b. To the extent of: shorter by two inches.

8.

a. According to: played by the rules.

b. With respect to: siblings by blood.

9. In the name of: swore by the Bible to tell the truth.

10. Through the agency or action of: was killed by a bullet.

11. Used to indicate a succession of specified individuals, groups, or quantities: One by one they left. They were persuaded little by little.

12.

a. Used in multiplication and division: Multiply 4 by 6 to get 24.

b. Used with measurements: a room 12 by 18 feet.

c. Toward. Used to express direction with points of the compass: south by east.

adv.

1. On hand; nearby: Stand by.

2. Aside; away: We put it by for later.

3. Up to, alongside, and past: The car raced by.

4. At or to one's home or current location: Stop by later today.

5. Into the past: as years go by.

Idiom:

by oneself

1. Without company; alone: went by herself.

2. Without help: wrote the book by myself.

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[Middle English, from Old English b, be; see ambhi in Indo-European roots.]

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by ²  (b)

n.

Variant of bye¹.

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by [baɪ]

prep

1. used to indicate the agent after a passive verb seeds eaten by the birds

2. used to indicate the person responsible for a creative work this song is by Schubert

3. via; through enter by the back door

4. followed by a gerund to indicate a means used he frightened her by hiding behind the door

5. beside; next to; near a tree by the house

6. passing the position of; past he drove by the old cottage

7. not later than; before return the books by Tuesday

8. used to indicate extent, after a comparative it is hotter by five degrees than it was yesterday

9. (esp in oaths) invoking the name of I swear by all the gods

10. (Mathematics) multiplied by four by three equals twelve

11. (in habitual sentences) during the passing of (esp in the phrases by day, by night)

12. (Mathematics & Measurements / Surveying) placed between measurements of the various dimensions of something a plank fourteen inches by seven

adv

1. near the house is close by

2. away; aside he put some money by each week for savings

3. passing a point near something; past he drove by

4. Scot past; over and done with that's a' by now

5. Scot aside; behind one you must put that by you

n pl byes

a variant spelling of bye

[Old English bī; related to Gothic bi, Old High German bī, Sanskrit abhi to, towards]

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by

(Electronics & Computer Science / Computer Science)

the Internet domain name for Belarus

Thesaurus

Adv.	1.	by - so as to pass a given point; "every hour a train goes past" past
	2.	by - in reserve; not for immediate use; "started setting aside money to buy a car"; "put something by for her old age"; "has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day" aside, away

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by

preposition

1. through, via, with the help of, by virtue of, with the aid of, under the aegis of, through the agency of The feast was served by his mother and sisters.

2. via, over, by way of The train passes by Oxford.

3. near, past, along, close to, closest to, neighbouring, next to, beside, nearest to, adjoining, adjacent to She was sitting in a rocking chair by the window.

4. before, prior to, earlier than, in advance of, no later than We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.

adverb

1. nearby, close, handy, at hand, within reach Large numbers of security police stood by.

2. away, aside, to one side They did not put the money by for a rainy day.

by and by presently, shortly, soon, eventually, one day, before long, in a while, anon, in the course of time, erelong (archaic or poetic) By and by the light gradually grew fainter.

by yourself

3. alone, separately, singly, on your own, on your tod, on your lonesome (informal), in a solitary state a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner

4. without help, independently, single-handedly, unassisted, without assistance, by your own effort She decided to learn to fly to prove she could do something all by herself.

Translations

by [baɪ]

When by is the second element in a phrasal verb, eg go by, stand by, look up the verb. When it is part of a set combination, eg by chance, by degrees, by half, look up the other word.

A. PREPOSITION

1. (= close to) → al lado de, junto a
the house by the church → la casa que está al lado de or junto a la iglesia
come and sit by me → ven y siéntate a mi lado or junto a mí
I've got it by me → lo tengo a mi lado
"where's the bank?" - "it's by the post office" → -¿dónde está el banco? -está al lado de or junto a la oficina de correos
the house by the river → la casa que hay junto al río
BUT a holiday by the sea → unas vacaciones en la costa

2. (= via) → por
he came in by the back door/by the window → entró por la puerta de atrás/por la ventana
which route did you come by? → ¿por dónde or por qué camino or por qué ruta viniste?
I went by Dover → fui por Dover

3. (= past) → por delante de
she walked by me → pasó por delante de mí
he rushed by me without seeing me → pasó deprisa por delante de mí sin verme
we drove by the cathedral → pasamos con el coche por delante de la catedral

4. (= during) by day → de día
by night → de noche
by day he's a bank clerk and by night he's a security guard → de día es un empleado de banco y de noche es guarda de seguridad
BUT a postcard of London by night → una postal nocturna de Londres

5. (in expressions of time)

5.1. (= not later than) → para
we must be there by four o'clock → tenemos que estar allí para las cuatro
can you finish it by tomorrow? → ¿puedes terminarlo para mañana?
I'll be back by midnight → estaré de vuelta antes de or para la medianoche
applications must be submitted by 21 April → las solicitudes deben presentarse antes del 21 de abril
by the time I got there it was too late → cuando llegué ya era demasiado tarde
it'll be ready by the time you get back → estará listo para cuando regreses
by that time or by then I knew → para entonces ya lo sabía

5.2. (in year, on date, on day) by tomorrow/Tuesday, I'll be in France → mañana/el martes ya estaré en Francia
by yesterday it was clear that → ayer ya se veía claro que ...
by 30 September we had spent £500 → a 30 de septiembre habíamos gastado 500 libras
by 1998 the figure had reached → en 1998 la cifra había llegado a ...
by 2010 the figure will have reached → hacia el año 2010 la cifra habrá llegado a ...

6. (indicating amount or rate) to reduce sth by a third → reducir algo en una tercera parte
to rent a house by the month → alquilar una casa por meses
letters were arriving by the sackload → las cartas llegaban a montones
it seems to be getting bigger by the minute/day → parece que va creciendo minuto a minuto/día a día
to sell sth by the dozen → vender algo por docenas
we get paid by the hour → nos pagan por horas
we sell by the kilo → vendemos por kilos
we charge by the kilometre → cobramos por kilómetro
little by little → poco a poco
one by one → uno tras otro, uno a uno
two by two → de dos en dos

7. (indicating agent, cause) → por
the thieves were caught by the police → los ladrones fueron capturados por la policía → la policía capturó a los ladrones
BUT surrounded by enemies → rodeado de enemigos
a painting by Picasso → un cuadro de Picasso
who's that song by? → ¿de quién es esa canción?
he had a daughter by his first wife → tuvo una hija con su primera mujer

8. (indicating transport, method, etc)
by air [travel] → en avión; [send] → por avión, por vía aérea
by bus/car → en autobús/coche
to pay by cheque → pagar con cheque
made by hand → hecho a mano
by land → por tierra
by the light of the moon/a candle → a la luz de la luna/de una vela
by rail or train → en tren
by sea → por mar

9. (with gerund) by working hard → a fuerza de mucho trabajar, trabajando mucho
he ended by saying that → terminó diciendo que ...

10. (= according to) → según
by my watch it's five o'clock → según mi reloj son las cinco
by my calculations → según mis cálculos
BUT to call sth by its proper name → llamar algo por su nombre
it's all right by me → por mí no hay problema or está bien
if that's okay by you → si no tienes inconveniente

11. (measuring difference) she missed the plane by a few minutes → perdió el avión por unos minutos
we beat them to Joe's house by five minutes → llegamos a casa de Joe cinco minutos antes que ellos
broader by a metre → un metro más ancho
she's lighter than her brother by only a couple of pounds → pesa sólo un par de libras menos que su hermano
it's too short by a metre → es un metro más corto de lo que tendría que ser
it missed me by inches → no me dio por un pelo, me pasó rozando

12. (in measurements, sums) a room 3 metres by 4 → una habitación de 3 metros por 4
to divide by → dividir por or entre
to multiply by → multiplicar por

13.
by oneself → solo
he was all by himself → estaba solo
I did it all by myself → lo hice yo solo
don't leave the two of them alone by themselves → no los dejes solos

14. (with compass point) north by northeast → nornordeste
south by southwest → sudsudoeste, sursuroeste

15. (in oaths) → por
I swear by Almighty God → juro por Dios Todopoderoso
by heaven → por Dios

B. ADVERB

1. (= past) a train hurtled by → pasó un tren a toda velocidad
they wouldn't let me by → no me dejaban pasar
she rushed by without stopping → pasó a toda prisa, sin pararse

2. (in set expressions)
by and by I'll be with you by and by → enseguida estoy contigo
you'll be sorry by and by → no tardarás en arrepentirte
by and by we heard voices → al poco rato oímos unas voces
close or hard by → muy cerca
by and large → en general, por lo general
to put sth by → poner algo a un lado

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by [ˈbaɪ]

prep

(agent) → par
The thieves were caught by the police → Les voleurs ont été arrêtés par la police.
killed by lightning → tué(e) par la foudre

(painted, composed, written by) → de
a book by Balzac → un livre de Balzac
a painting by Picasso → un tableau de Picasso

(referring to method, manner, means) by bus → en autobus
by car → en voiture
by train → en train
to pay by cheque → payer par chèque
by saving hard, he ... → à force d'économiser, il ...

all by oneself (= without anyone else) → tout(e) seul(e)
all by himself → tout seul
all by herself → toute seule
I did it all by myself → Je l'ai fait tout seul.

(= via, through) → par
We came by Dover → Nous sommes venus par Douvres.

(= next to) → à côté de
"Where's the bank?" - - "It's by the post office." → "Où est la banque?" - - "Elle est à côté de la poste."
She sat by his bed
BUT Elle était assise à son chevet.
by the sea (= beside) → au bord de la mer
a holiday by the sea → des vacances au bord de la mer

(= not later than) → avant
We have to be there by 4 o'clock → Nous devons y être avant quatre heures.

(= during) by daylight → à la lumière du jour
by night → la nuit, de nuit
by this time tomorrow → d'ici demain à la même heure
by the time ... → quand ..., lorsque
By the time I got there it was too late → Quand or lorsque je suis arrivé, il était déjà trop tard.
It'll be ready by the time you get back → Ça sera prêt quand or lorsque vous reviendrez.

(amount) → à
by the kilo → au kilo
by the metre → au mètre
paid by the hour → payé(e) à l'heure
to increase by the hour → augmenter d'heure en heure

(measure) to multiply by 3 → multiplier par 3
to divide by 3 → diviser par 3
a room 3 metres by 4 → une pièce de 3 mètres sur 4
it's wider by a metre → c'est plus large d'un mètre
The bullet missed him by inches → La balle est passée à quelques centimètres de lui.

(= according to) → d'après, selon
it's 3 o'clock by my watch
BUT il est 3 heures à ma montre.
it's all right by me, that's fine by me → je n'ai rien contre, ça me va.

by and by adv (= soon) → un peu plus tard, bientôt

by and large adv (= on the whole) → dans l'ensemble

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by

prep

(= close to) → bei, an (+dat); (with movement) → an (+acc); (= next to) → neben (+dat); (with movement) → neben (+acc); by the window/fire/river → am or beim Fenster/Feuer/Fluss; by the church → an or bei der Kirche; a holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US) by the sea → Ferien pl → an der See; come and sit by me → komm, setz dich neben mich; she sat by me → sie saß neben mir; to keep something by one → etw bei sich haben

(= via) → über (+acc)

(= past) to go/rush etc by somebody/something → an jdm/etw vorbeigehen/-eilen etc

(time: = during) by day/night → bei Tag/Nacht

(time: = not later than) → bis; can you do it by tomorrow? → kannst du es bis morgen machen?; by tomorrow I’ll be in France → morgen werde ich in Frankreich sein; by the time I got there, he had gone → bis ich dorthin kam, war er gegangen; but by that time or by then I had realized that … → aber bis dahin war mir klar geworden, dass …; but by that time or by then it will be too late → aber dann ist es schon zu spät; but by that time or by then he will have forgotten → aber bis dann or dahin hat er es schon vergessen; by now → inzwischen

(indicating amount) by the inch/kilo/hour/month → zoll-/kilo-/stunden-/monatsweise; one by one → einer nach dem anderen; they came in two by two → sie kamen paarweise herein; letters came in by the hundred → hunderte or Hunderte von Briefen kamen

(indicating agent, cause) → von; killed by a bullet → durch eine or von einer Kugel getötet; indicated by an asterisk → durch Sternchen gekennzeichnet; a painting by Picasso → ein Bild von Picasso; surrounded by → umgeben von

(indicating method, means, manner: see also nouns) by bus/car/bicycle → mit dem or per Bus/Auto/Fahrrad; by land and (by) sea → zu Land und zu Wasser; to pay by cheque (Brit) or check (US) → mit Scheck bezahlen; made by hand → handgearbeitet; made by machine → maschinell hergestellt; by daylight/moonlight → bei Tag(eslicht)/im Mondschein; to know somebody by name/sight → jdn dem Namen nach/vom Sehen her kennen; to be known by the name of … → unter dem Namen … bekannt sein; to lead somebody by the hand → jdn an der Hand führen; to grab somebody by the collar → jdn am Kragen packen; he had a daughter by his first wife → von seiner ersten Frau hatte er eine Tochter; by myself/himself etc → allein

by saving hard he managed to … → durch eisernes Sparen or dadurch, dass er eisern sparte, gelang es ihm …; by turning this knob → durch Drehen dieses Knopfes, wenn Sie an diesem Knopf drehen; by saying that I didn’t mean … → ich habe damit nicht gemeint …; animals which move by wriggling → Tiere, die sich schlängelnd fortbewegen; he could walk by supporting himself on … → gestützt auf … könnte er gehen

(according to: see also nouns) → nach; to judge by appearances → nach dem Äußern urteilen; by my watch it is nine o’clock → nach meiner Uhr ist es neun; if you play by the rules (fig) → wenn du dich an die Regel hältst; by the terms of Article I → gemäß or nach (den Bestimmungen von) Artikel I; to call somebody/something by his/its proper name → jdn/etw beim richtigen Namen nennen; if it’s OK by you/him etc → wenn es Ihnen/ihm etc recht ist; it’s all right by me → von mir aus gern or schon

(measuring difference) → um; broader by a foot → um einen Fuß breiter; it missed me by inches → es verfehlte mich um Zentimeter

(Math, Measure) to divide/multiply by → dividieren durch/multiplizieren mit; a room 20 feet by 30 → ein Zimmer 20 auf or mal 30 Fuß

(points of compass) South by South West → Südsüdwest

(in oaths) → bei; I swear by Almighty God → ich schwöre beim allmächtigen Gott; by heaven, I’ll get you for this → das sollst or wirst du mir, bei Gott, büßen!

by the right! (Mil) → rechts, links …!

by the way or by(e) → übrigens; all this is by the way or by(e) (= irrelevant) → das ist alles Nebensache or zweitrangig

adv

(= past) to pass/wander/rush etc by → vorbei- or vorüberkommen/-wandern/-eilen etc

(= in reserve) to put or lay by → beiseitelegen

(phrases) by and by → irgendwann; (with past tense) → nach einiger Zeit; by and large → im Großen und Ganzen

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by(e)

n

(Cricket) Lauf bei Bällen, die nicht vom Schlagmann geschlagen worden sind

bye (Sport) to get a bye into the second round → spielfrei in die zweite Runde kommen

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by(e):

by(e)-election

n → Nachwahl f

by(e)-law

n

(Brit: of community) → Gemeindeverordnung f; (of town) → städtische Verordnung

(of company, society etc) → Satzung f

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by:

bylaw, bye-law

n → Verordnung f

by-line

n

(Press) Zeile mit dem Namen des Autors

(Ftbl) → Seitenlinie f; (at goal) → Tor(aus)linie f

byname

n → Inbegriff m → (for von); X is a by for tractors → X ist der Name für Traktoren

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by:

by-play

n (Theat) → Nebenhandlung f

by-product

n (lit, fig) → Nebenprodukt nt

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by:

byroad

n → Neben- or Seitenstraße f

bystander

n → Umstehende(r) mf, → Zuschauer m; innocent by → unbeteiligter Zuschauer

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by:

byway

n → Seitenweg m ? highway

byword

n to become a by for something → gleichbedeutend mit etw werden

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by

prep by [bai]

1 next to; near; at the side of by the door; He sat by his sister. by, naby قُرْب، بِجانِب до vedle, u ved siden af bei δίπλα σε junto a juures, kõrval کنار؛ نزدیک vieressä (au)près de עַל-יד, לְיָד पास में, साथ में pokraj közelében di sisi hjá, við hliðina á presso ～のそばに …곁에서 prie, šalia pie; līdzās sebelah bij, naast ved siden av, hos, (like) ved obok, przy perto de lângă, ală­turi de около, рядом, у pri, vedľa poleg, blizu, pri pored vid, bredvid, intill ใกล้ yakında, yanında 在...旁 коло, біля ساتھ ، آگے gần; cạnh 在...旁

2 past going by the house. verby عَبْرَ، ما وَراء край podél forbi vorbei μπροστά από (por) delante mööda آنطرف تر؛ آن سوی ohi (en passant) devant לְיָד, עַל פְּנֵי पास से blizu mellett melewati fram hjá davanti ～を過ぎて …을 지나 pro garām melewati voorbij forbi obok perto de pe lângă, prin faţa мимо, вдаль pozdĺž, vedľa mimo pokraj förbi, vid ผ่าน yanından, önünden 經過... повз, мимо پاس سے qua 经过...旁边

3 through; along; across We came by the main road. deur, met خِلال، عَن طَريق، عَبْرَ от po, přes ad über μέσω, μέσα από por läbi, kaudu, mööda از طریق؛ از pitkin par בְאֶמצָעוּת से po keresztül melalui um, eftir per, attraverso ～を通って …을 통과하여 pa melalui over, langs gjennom, langs, over, om przez por pe по, через po, cez, krížom po preko längs, utmed, på ทาง ile, yolu ile 穿過，沿著，越過 через پر سے xuyên qua; dọc theo; ngang qua 沿

4 used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action struck by a stone. met بِواسِطَة от s (čím), pomocí af von από (εισάγει το ποιητικό αίτιο στην παθ. φωνή) por (väljendab tegijat) توسط؛ بوسیلۀ -lla, -llä par עַל יְדֵי द्वारा od -val, -vel oleh af e-u/e-m da ～によって (수동태 구문의 동작의 주체) …에 의하여 oleh door av (ble truffet av en stein) przez por de (către) от od od strane av โดย tarafından (用在被動語態) 表現做出動作的人或物 за допомогою کو bởi 用（用在被动语态）

5 using He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train. per باسْتِعْمال чрез s (čím) med mit με (για μεταφορικό μέσο) por, en teel, -ga از طریق؛ با avulla par, en בְאֶמצָעוּת उपयोग कर putem által dengan með per, in ～によって (수단) ...을 사용하여 kuria nors priemone (norāda darbības veidu) ar menggunakan per, met med, i przy pomocy, przez por/de prin, cu с, на s, z putem genom, med ด้วย ile, vasıtasıyla 利用 з допомогою; по کے استعمال سے ، کے ذریعے bằng 用

6 from; through the means of I met her by chance; by post. per عَن طَريق по díky (čemu); (čím) ved; med durch από, μέσω por tõttu, teel طبق؛ بوسیلۀ -lta, -ltä par בְּ- से, माध्यम से slučajno vminél fogva secara af, með per ～によって (수단, 원인) …에 의하여 kuriuo nors būdu nejauši; gadījuma pēc secara per ved przez por din, prin по, с, посредством po putem av, per โดย ...ile, vasıtasıyla 透過，藉由 за допомогою, шляхом سے từ 通过

7 (of time) not later than by 6 o'clock. teen بِحُلول، ليسَ بَعْد до do senest; inden um έως, μέχρι para hiljemalt پیش از؛ تا قبل از viimeistään (...) au plus tard עַד समय do (legkésőbb) -ra, -re pada ekki seinna en per, entro までには (시간의 한계) …까지 iki (norāda laiku) līdz tidak lebih daripada tegen seinest, innen do, przed (jakimś momentem) até până la к, до do do do till, senast, strax före ก่อนเวลาที่กำหนด ...-e kadar (時間)不晚於 до وقت تک vào lúc 不迟于

8 during the time of. gedurende خِلالِ الوَقْت през během i während κατά τη διάρκεια de ajal در طول؛ در مدت aikana de בִזְמַן के दौरान za vrijeme alatt selama á meðan di の間に (기간) …동안에 laiku, metu laikā pada masa bij i, ved za durante în timpul во время počas med tokom om, under ระหว่าง esnasında, sırasında 在...期間 на کے دوران trong khoảng thời gian 在...时候

9 to the extent of taller by ten centimetres. met بِنِسْبَةِ، بِمَدى، بِدَرَجَة، بِمِقْدار с o med um κατά de, por võrra به اندازۀ؛ به میزان (ilmaisemassa määrää) de בְּ- इस हद तक za -val, -vel sebanyak um, en di ～だけ …정도(범위)까지 kiek didesnis, mažesnis ir pan. (norāda attiecību starp salīdzināmiem lielumiem) par lebih tien centimeter langer med o em cu на o do, za za med, el oöversatt: tio centimeter längre ขนาด ...-e kadar （表示程度）達... на حد تک đến khoảng （表示程度）...左右

10 used to give measurements etc 4 metres by 2 metres. by في ، ضَرْب на na, krát gange mal επί (για μετρήσεις) por korda در kertaa (laskutoimituksissa) sur עַל माप में उपयोग होता है puta -szor, -szer, -ször kali (perkalian) sinnum per ～を掛けて …을 곱하여 iš (norāda izmērus) kali bij ganger na por pe, cu на na krat sa gånger ใช้ในการวัด (şu kadar) a (şu kadar metre vb.) （用於計算）乘以 у, на پیمائش کے لئے استعمال ہوتا ہے với （表示面积）乘

11 in quantities of fruit sold by the kilo. per حَسَب، لِكُل за po, na pr; -vis (kilo-, etc.)weise με (για ποσότητες) por kaupa با توجه به؛ بر حسب (ilmaisemassa mittaa) au/à la/aux עַל פִּי मात्रा में po kilóra per eftir, í . . . –tali a, al 単位で (단위) …을 단위로 하여 kilogramais, litrais, metrais ir pan. (norāda svaru, garumu) pa ikut per per/pr., (bunt)vis na a la, cu на, по, в na, po na na per, -vis โดยปริมาณ (bir şey) hesabı ile, ölçüsü ile （表示數量）按 у مقدار میں bằng (số lượng) （表示数量）按

12 in respect of a teacher by profession. met حَسَب по z af von όσον αφορά de -lt, poolest دربارۀ؛ مربوط به ammatiltaan de בְּ- के मामले में po tekintve menurut, sebagai að di の点では (관계) …에 관해서는 iš (norāda uz nodarbošanos) pēc melalui van av przez, z de de по z po po till โดย ...- e göre 在...方面 за کے لحاظ سے về 就...来说

adv

1 near They stood by and watched. by بِجانِب، قُرْب наблизо blízko, poblíž nær ved dabei κοντά, παραδίπλα al lado (de) kõrval نزدیک lähellä près, à proximité עַל יַד निकट blizu közel dekat hjá vicino そばに 가까이에 netoliese blakus; netālu dekat erbij (like) ved blisko perto în apropiere рядом vedľa, blízko blizu, zraven sa strane bredvid, intill, i närheten อยู่ใกล้ yakında, yanı başında 在旁邊 поблизу, поруч قریب gần 在近旁

2 past A dog ran by. verby عَبْرَ، ما وَراء покрай okolo, tudy forbi vorbei από μπροστά por ahí mööda از کنار ohi par là קָרוֹב भूतकाल pokraj mellett lewat hjá di qui そばを 지나서 pro šalį garām lalu voorbij forbi obok, niedaleko por aqui prin apropiere мимо okolo, tadiaľ mimo pored förbi ผ่าน yanından, yakınından 經過 повз قریب سے ، پاس سے qua 经过

3 aside; away money put by for an emergency. opsy جانِبا настрани stranou til side beiseite κατά μέρος, σε μια μεριά apartado kõrvale کنار sivuun de côté בַּצָד अलग pored félre disisihkan til hliðar da parte, via わきに 옆으로, 제쳐놓아 į šalį blakus; sāņus asingkan opzij til side na bok de lado de o parte на, в сторону bokom poleg, na stran sa strane undan, i reserv สำรอง kenara, bir yana, bir tarafa （擱）在一邊 убік ایک جانب sang một bên （搁）在一边

bygones: let bygones be bygones

to forgive and forget past causes of ill-feeling. wat verby is, gedane sake ما فاتَ ماتَ، عفا الله عَمّا مَضى било що било co bylo, bylo lad gemt være glemt das Vergangene περασμένα ξεχασμένα lo pasado pasado está mis olnud, see olnud گذشته ها unohtaa menneet il faut oublier le passé מָה שֶהָיָה הָיָה बीता, विगत prošao borítsunk fátylat a múltra masa lalu láta hið liðna vera gleymt cosa passata; metterci una pietra sopra 過ぎたことは水に流す 지나간 일 kas buvo, tai buvo, pamirškime kas bijis, tas izbijis yang lepas jangan dikenang vergeven en vergeten la gjemt være glemt co było to było, puśćmy w niepamięć (dawne urazy) coisas passadas să tre­cem peste ce a fost что было, то прошло čo bolo, bolo kar je bilo, je bilo ono što je prohujalo det förflutna: glömma gamla oförrätter ให้แล้ว ๆ ไป geçmişi unutalım 舊事不必重提 минуле; хто давнє пом'яне, той лиха не мине گزرا ہوا وقت ، گزرے ہوئے لوگ chuyện đã qua 过去的

n bypass

a road which avoids an obstruction or a busy area Take the bypass round the city. ompad, verbypad مَمَر أو طَريق جانِبي околен път objížďka omfartsvej; ringvej die Umleitung παρακαμπτήριος δρόμος variante, desvío ümbersõidutee راه فرعی؛ کمربندی ohitustie dérivation מַעֲקָף उपमार्ग, बाईपास prečica kerülő út jalan lingtas hliðarbraut tangenziale, deviazione バイパス 우회로 aplinkkelis apvedceļš jalan pirau rondweg omkjøringsvei, ringvei objazd variante drum ocolit обходной путь obchádzka obvoz obilaznica förbifartsled, omfartsled ถนนเลี่ยงเมือง çevre yolu 旁道 обхідна, об'їздна дорога مختصر راستہ đường vòng 迂回的道路

v

to avoid (a place) by taking such a road. omloop, vermy يَتَجَنَّب، يَلْتَف، يَدورُ حَوْل заобикалям objet køre udenom umgehen ακολουθώ παρακαμπτήριο δρόμο desviar ringi sõitma میان بر زدن؛ از راه فرعی رفتن käyttää ohitustietä contourner לַעֲקוֹף इस तरह की सड़क पर चलना ići prečacem elkerül menghindari fara framhjá fare una deviazione 迂回する 우회하다 apvažiuoti apbraukt memirau om... heen gaan kjøre om, lede/føre om objeżdżać passar ao lado a ocoli обходить obísť obiti obilaziti köra förbi, kringgå ใช้ถนนเลี่ยงเมือง yanından geçmek, uğramamak 繞過 скористатися обхідною, об'їздною дорогою بچ کر جانا đi vòng 绕过

n by-product

something obtained or formed during the making of something else Coal tar is a by-product of the process of obtaining gas from coal. neweproduk, afvalproduk مَنْتوج ثانَوي/ جانِبي страничен продукт vedlejší produkt biprodukt das Nebenprodukt υποπροϊόν derivado kõrvalprodukt محصول فرعی و جانبی sivutuote sous-produit תוֹצָר לְווָאי उपोत्पाद nus proizvod melléktermék produk sampingan aukaframleiðsla sottoprodotto 副産物 부산물 šalutinis produktas blakusprodukts diperbuat nevenprodukt biprodukt produkt uboczny derivado derivat побочный продукт vedľajší produkt stranski proizvod nusproizvod biprodukt กาก yan ürün 副產品 побічний продукт ضمنی پیداوار sản phẩm phụ 副产品

n bystander

a person who watches but does not take part. bystander, toeskouer مُتَفَرِّج، مُشاهِد، واقِف على الحِياد наблюдател divák tilskuer der/die Zuschauer/-in απλός θεατής espectador kõrvaltvaataja شاهد واقعه؛ رهگذر sivustakatsoja spectateur/-trice צוֹפֶה מֵהַצָד दर्शक pasivni promatrač néző penonton hlutlaus áhorfandi spettatore, spettatrice 傍観者 방관자 stebėtojas, žiopsotojas skatītājs; novērotājs orang yang berada di tempat kejadian omstander tilskuer widz, gap espectador spectator (безучастный) наблюдатель divák opazovalec, priča posmatrač åskådare ผู้เห็นเหตุการณ์; ผู้สังเกตการณ์ seyirci 旁觀者 спостерігач تماشائی người ngoài cuộc 旁观者

by and by

after a short time By and by, everyone went home. straks, aanstons فيما بَعْد، بعد قليل след известно време co nevidět, zanedlouho lidt efter lidt nach und nach σιγά σιγά, μετά από λίγο con el tiempo peagi پس از مدت کوتاهی hetken kuluttua (un peu) plus tard לֶאָט לֶאָט थोड़ समय बाद malo po malo nemsokára tak lama kemudian skömmu seinna; brátt (a) poco a poco やがて 이윽고, 곧 netrukus pamazām beransur-ansur weldra litt etter (litt), om litt stopniowo, wkrótce pouco a pouco (puţin) mai târziu вскоре po chvíli kmalu ubrzo snart, så småningom เมื่อเวลาผ่านไป kısa bir süre sonra, az sonra 不久以後 незабаром تھوڑی دیر بعد ، جلدی lát nữa thôi 不久以后

by and large

mostly; all things considered Things are going quite well, by and large. in die algemeen, oor die geheel على وَجْه الأجْمال، على العُموم в крайна сметка celkem vzato i det store og hele im großen und ganzen σε γενικές γραμμές en general üldiselt rääkides بطور کلی؛ از هر نظر kaiken kaikkiaan à tout prendre כְּלָלִית कुल मिला कर na veliko nagyjából setelah pada umumnya dipertimbangkan yfirleitt, m.t.t. alls nell'insieme, nel complesso 全般的に 대체로 apskritai visumā; kopumā kesemuanya in het algemeen i det store og hele w zasadzie de um modo geral una peste alta в общем и целом vcelku, celkove nasploh sve u svemu i stort sett โดยทั่วไป genellikle, genel olarak 絕大部分，經整體考量 в цілому زیادہ تر ، فی الجملہ nhìn chung 大部分

by oneself

1 alone He was standing by himself at the bus-stop. alleen بِمُفْرَدِهِ، لِوَحْدِهِ сам sám, sama alene allein μόνος solo üksi تنها yksin tout(e) seul(e) לְבָד अकेले sam egyedül sendirian aleinn da solo, solo 一人で 자기 혼자서 vienas, vienišas viens seorang diri in zijn eentje alene samotnie sozinho singur один, в одиночестве sám, sama čisto sam sam ensam, för sig själv ตามลำพัง yalnız, tek başına, kendi kendine 單獨 один, самітно اکیلے một mình 单独

2 without anyone else's help He did the job (all) by himself. alleen وَحيدا، بِنَفْسِهِ без чужда помощ sám, sama alene selbst μόνος, χωρίς βοήθεια solo omal jõul به تنهایی itse tout(e) seul(e) לְבָד बिना किसी की मदद के samostalno teljesen egyedül tanpa bantuan aleinn, hjálparlaust da solo 独力で 혼자 힘으로 pats vienas viens pats dengan sendiri in zijn eentje (helt) alene samodzielnie sozinho (de unul) singur без посторонней помощи, сам sám, sama čisto sam sasvim på egen hand ตามลำพัง yalnız, tek başına 獨力 сам تن تنہا tự mình 独力

by the way

incidentally By the way, have you a moment to spare? terloops, tussen hakies بالمناسبه، على فِكْرَه между другото mimochodem for resten übrigens με την ευκαιρία a propósito muuseas راستی؛ ضمناً muuten à propos דֶרֶך אָגַב बहरहाल usput erről jut eszembe secara kebetulan, ngomong-ngomong meðal annarra orða a proposito ところで 그런데, 말이 났으니 말이지 tarp kitko, beje starp citu sementara itu terloops, a a propos apropos, forresten nawiasem mówiąc a propósito apropo кстати, между прочим mimochodom mimogrede uzgred förresten อีกอย่างหนึ่ง sırası gelmişken, aklıma gelmişken 順便一提 до речі, між іншим بر سبیلِ تذکرہ tiện thể 顺便说

by is used for forms of transport: by train ; by aeroplane ; by land ; by sea

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by → بواسطة u af bei παρά por kautta par od vicino a ･･･によって ...곁에서 door ved przez por около vid โดย tarafından bởi 在...旁边