Betelgeuse

Be·tel·geuse  (btl-jz, btl-jz)

n.

A bright-red intrinsic variable star, 527 light-years from Earth, in the constellation Orion.

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[French Bételgeuse, ultimately from Arabic yad al-jawz' : yad, hand; see yd in Semitic roots + al-, the + jawz', Gemini (later also used for Orion); perhaps akin to jawz, center, middle.]

Word History: The history of the curious star name Betelgeuse is a good example of how scholarly errors can creep into language. The story starts with the pre-Islamic Arabic astronomers, who called the star yad al-jawz', "hand of the jawz'." The jawz' was their name for the constellation Gemini. After Greek astronomy became known to the Arabs, the word came to be applied to the constellation Orion as well. Some centuries later, when scribes writing in Medieval Latin tried to render the word, they misread the y as a b (the two corresponding Arabic letters are very similar when used as the first letter in a word), leading to the Medieval Latin form Bedalgeuze. In the Renaissance, another set of scholars trying to figure out the name interpreted the first syllable bed- as being derived from a putative Arabic word *b meaning "armpit." This word did not exist; it would correctly have been ib. Nonetheless, the error stuck, and the resultant etymologically "improved" spelling Betelgeuse was borrowed into French as Bételgeuse, whence English Betelgeuse.

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Betelgeuse, Betelgeux [ˌbiːt^əlˈdʒɜːz ˈbiːt^əlˌdʒɜːz]

n

(Astronomy & Space / Celestial Objects) a very remote luminous red supergiant, Alpha Orionis: the second brightest star in the constellation Orion. It is a variable star

[from French, from Arabic bīt al-jauzā' literally: shoulder of the giant, that is, of Orion]

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Betelgeuse  (btl-jz)

A red supergiant star in the constellation Orion. It is a variable star with a brightest apparent magnitude of 0.5. Scientific name: Alpha Orionis. See Note at Rigel.

Thesaurus

Noun

1.

Betelgeuse - the second brightest star in Orion Alpha Orionis Orion, Hunter - a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel