Chain

Chain  (chn), Sir Ernst Boris 1906-1979.

German-born British biochemist. He isolated and purified penicillin; for this achievement he shared a 1945 Nobel Prize with Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin in 1928.

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chain  (chn) n. 1. a. A connected, flexible series of links, typically of metal, used especially for holding objects together or restraining or for transmitting mechanical power. b. Such a set of links, often of precious metal and with pendants attached, worn as an ornament or symbol of office. 2. A restraining or confining agent or force. 3. chains a. Bonds, fetters, or shackles. b. Captivity or oppression; bondage: threw off the chains of slavery. 4. A series of closely linked or connected things: a chain of coincidences. See Synonyms at series. 5. A number of establishments, such as stores, theaters, or hotels, under common ownership or management. 6. A range of mountains. 7. Chemistry A group of atoms bonded in a spatial configuration like links in a chain. 8. a. An instrument used in surveying, consisting of 100 linked pieces of iron or steel and measuring 66 feet (20.1 meters). Also called Gunter's chain. b. A similar instrument used in engineering, measuring 100 feet (30.5 meters). c. Abbr. ch A unit of measurement equal to the length of either of these instruments. tr.v. chained, chain·ing, chains 1. To bind or make fast with a chain or chains: chained the dog to a tree. 2. To restrain or confine as if with chains: workers who were chained to a life of dull routine. Idiom: pull/yank (someone's) chain To take unfair advantage of someone; deceive or manipulate someone. [Middle English chaine, from Old French, from Latin catna.]

chain left to right: figaro, sash, and stud links

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chain [tʃeɪn]

n

1. a flexible length of metal links, used for confining, connecting, pulling, etc., or in jewellery

2. (usually plural) anything that confines, fetters, or restrains the chains of poverty

3. (Engineering / Automotive Engineering) (usually plural) Also called snow chains a set of metal links that fit over the tyre of a motor vehicle to increase traction and reduce skidding on an icy surface

4. (Business / Commerce)

a.  a number of establishments such as hotels, shops, etc., having the same owner or management

b.  (as modifier) a chain store

5. a series of related or connected facts, events, etc.

6. (Philosophy / Logic) (of reasoning) a sequence of arguments each of which takes the conclusion of the preceding as a premise See (as an example) sorites

7. (Mathematics & Measurements / Units) Also called Gunter's chain a unit of length equal to 22 yards

8. (Mathematics & Measurements / Units) Also called engineer's chain a unit of length equal to 100 feet

9. (Chemistry) Chem two or more atoms or groups bonded together so that the configuration of the resulting molecule, ion, or radical resembles a chain See also open chain, ring¹ [18]

10. (Earth Sciences / Physical Geography) Geography a series of natural features, esp approximately parallel mountain ranges

off the chain Austral and NZ informal free from responsibility

yank (someone's) chain Informal to tease, mislead, or harass (someone)

vb

1. (Mathematics & Measurements / Surveying) Surveying to measure with a chain or tape

2. (tr; often foll by up) to confine, tie, or make fast with or as if with a chain

3. (Clothing, Personal Arts & Crafts / Knitting & Sewing) short for chain-stitch

[from Old French chaine, ultimately from Latin; see catena]

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Chain [tʃeɪn]

n

(Biographies / Chain, Sir Ernst Boris (1906-1979) M, Britishnational of birth: German, SCIENCE: chemist) Sir Ernst Boris. 1906-79, British biochemist, born in Germany: purified and adapted penicillin for clinical use; with Fleming and Florey shared the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine 1945

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chain  (chn)

A group of atoms, often of the same element, bound together in a line, branched line, or ring to form a molecule. In a straight chain, each of the constituent atoms is attached to other single atoms, not to groups of atoms. In a branched chain, side groups are attached to the chain. In a closed chain, the atoms are arranged in the shape of a ring.

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Chain a series of things linked together into a chain, actually or figuratively. See also catena, cordon, series.

Examples: chain of buckets; of causes, 1829; of charity, 1377; of deductions, 1664; of discourse, 1651; of events; of human beings; of ideas; of islands; of lakes; of mountains; of proof; of reasoning, 1809; of shops or supermarkets; of spangles, 1841; of storms; of succession, 1655; of thought, 1711.

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See: net, chain, cell system.

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	chain - a series of things depending on each other as if linked together; "the chain of command"; "a complicated concatenation of circumstances" concatenation catena - a chain of connected ideas or passages or objects so arranged that each member is closely related to the preceding and following members (especially a series of patristic comments elucidating Christian dogma) daisy chain - (figurative) a series of associated things or people or experiences series - similar things placed in order or happening one after another; "they were investigating a series of bank robberies"
	2.	chain - (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) chemical chain chemical science, chemistry - the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions closed chain, ring - (chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop long chain, long-chain molecule - (chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule open chain - a chain of atoms in a molecule whose ends are not joined to form a ring building block, unit - a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else; "units of nucleic acids" molecule - (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
	3.	chain - a series of (usually metal) rings or links fitted into one another to make a flexible ligament anchor chain, anchor rope - the chain or rope that attaches an anchor to a vessel bicycle, bike, cycle, wheel - a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals bicycle chain - a chain that transmits the power from the pedals to the rear wheel of a bicycle chain printer - an impact printer that carries the type slugs by links of a revolving chain chain tongs - a pipe wrench used for turning large pipes; an adjustable chain circles the pipe with its ends connected to the head whose teeth engage the pipe chatelaine - a chain formerly worn at the waist by women; for carrying a purse or bunch of keys etc. watch chain, watch guard, fob - short chain or ribbon attaching a pocket watch to a man's vest ligament - any connection or unifying bond paper chain - a chain made of loops of colored paper; used to decorate a room pull chain - a chain (usually with a handle at the end) that is pulled in order to operate some mechanism (e.g. to flush a toilet) snow chain, tire chain - chain attached to wheels to increase traction on ice or snow
	4.	chain - (business) a number of similar establishments (stores or restaurants or banks or hotels or theaters) under one ownership business enterprise, commercial enterprise, business - the activity of providing goods and services involving financial and commercial and industrial aspects; "computers are now widely used in business" chain store - one of a chain of retail stores under the same management and selling the same merchandise business, business concern, business organisation, business organization, concern - a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business"; "a racially integrated business concern" apparel chain - a chain of clothing stores discount chain - a chain of discount stores restaurant chain - a chain of restaurants retail chain - a chain of retail stores
	5.	chain - anything that acts as a restraint constraint, restraint - a device that retards something's motion; "the car did not have proper restraints fitted"
	6.	chain - a unit of length linear measure, linear unit - a unit of measurement of length yard, pace - a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride Gunter's chain - a unit of length (22 yards) engineer's chain - a unit of length (100 ft) link - a unit of length equal to 1/100 of a chain nautical chain - a nautical unit of length (15 ft)
	7.	Chain - British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979) Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Ernst Boris Chain
	8.	chain - a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range" chain of mountains, mountain chain, mountain range, range of mountains, range geological formation, formation - (geology) the geological features of the earth massif - a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range mountain pass, notch, pass - the location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks; "we got through the pass before it started to snow"
	9.	chain - a linked or connected series of objects; "a chain of daisies" necklace - jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women)
	10.	chain - a necklace made by a stringing objects together; "a string of beads"; "a strand of pearls"; strand, string necklace - jewelry consisting of a cord or chain (often bearing gems) worn about the neck as an ornament (especially by women)
Verb	1.	chain - connect or arrange into a chain by linking arrange, set up - put into a proper or systematic order; "arrange the books on the shelves in chronological order" concatenate - combine two strings to form a single one
	2.	chain - fasten or secure with chains; "Chain the chairs together" fasten, fix, secure - cause to be firmly attached; "fasten the lock onto the door"; "she fixed her gaze on the man" unchain - remove the chains from

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chain

noun

1. tether, coupling, link, bond, shackle, fetter, manacle The dogs were growling and pulling at their chains.

2. group, multiple A new chain of shops is to be opened next year.

3. series, set, train, string, sequence, succession, progression, concatenation a horrific chain of events

verb

bind, confine, restrain, handcuff, shackle, tether, fetter, manacle We were kept in a cell, chained to the wall.

Translations

chain [tʃeɪn]

A. N

1. (lit) → cadena f
to pull the chain [of lavatory] → tirar de la cadena

2. chains (= fetters) → cadenas fpl, grillos mpl (Aut) → cadenas fpl
in chains → encadenado

3. (fig) chain of mountains → cordillera f
chain of shops → cadena f de tiendas
chain of command → cadena f de mando
chain of events → serie f de acontecimientos
to form a human chain → formar una cadena humana

4. (= measure) medida de longitud equivalente a 22 yardas o 20,12 metros

B. VT → encadenar
he was chained to the wall → estaba encadenado a la pared

C. CPD chain gang N (US) → cadena f de presidiarios
chain letter N → carta f que circula en cadena(con promesa de una ganancia cuantiosa para los que siguen las indicaciones que da)
chain lightning N → relámpagos mpl en zigzag
chain mail N → cota f de malla
chain pump N → bomba f de cangilones
chain reaction N → reacción f en cadena
chain smoker N → fumador(a) m/f empedernido/a
chain stitch N (Sew) → punto m de cadeneta, cadeneta f
chain store N → tienda f que pertenece a una cadena

chain up VT + ADV → encadenar

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chain [ˈtʃeɪn]

n

(metal) → chaîne f

[shops] → chaîne f

[islands] → chaîne f

(= sequence) [events] → série f

vt

(= fasten with a chain) [+ prisoner] → enchaîner, attacher (avec une chaîne)
to chain o.s. to sth → s'enchaîner à qch
to chain one's bike to sth → attacher son vélo à qch

chain up

vt [+ animal] → mettre à l'attache; [+ person] → enchaîner
to keep a dog chained up → laisser un chien attaché
chain gang n → chaîne f de forçats
chain letter n → lettre f faisant partie d'une chaîne
chain mail n (= armour) → cotte f de mailles
chain reaction n → réaction f en chaîne
chain saw n → tronçonneuse f
chain-smoke [ˈtʃeɪnsməʊk] vi → fumer cigarette sur cigarette
chain-smoker n → gros(se) fumeur/euse m/f
chain store n → magasin m à succursales multiples

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chain

n

→ Kette f; chains (lit, fig: = fetters) → Ketten pl, → Fesseln pl; (Aut) → (Schnee)ketten pl; chain of office → Amtskette f; to keep a dog on a chain → einen Hund an der Kette halten; to pull or yank somebody’s chain (esp US fig) → jdn necken; in chains → in Ketten

(of mountains) → (Berg)kette f, → (Gebirgs)kette f; (of atoms etc) → Kette f; chain of shops → Ladenkette f; to make a chain → eine Kette bilden; chain of events → Kette von Ereignissen; chain of evidence → Beweiskette f; chain of command (Mil) → Befehlskette f

(= measure of length) → Messkette f

vt (lit, fig) → anketten, festketten; dog → an die Kette legen, anketten; to chain somebody/something to something → jdn/etw an etw (acc) → ketten

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chain in cpds → Ketten-;

chain bridge

n → Ketten- or Hängebrücke f

chain drive

n → Kettenantrieb m, → Kettengetriebe f

chain gang

n → Truppe f → aneinandergeketteter Sträflinge, Sträflingskolonne f

chain letter

n → Kettenbrief m

chain lightning

n → Linienblitz m

chain-link fence

n → Maschendrahtzaun m

chain mail

n → Kettenhemd nt

chain reaction

n → Kettenreaktion f

chain saw

n → Kettensäge f

chain-smoke

vi → eine (Zigarette) nach der anderen rauchen, kettenrauchen infin only

chain smoker

n → Kettenraucher(in) m(f)

chain stitch

n (Sew) → Kettenstich m

chain store

n → Kettenladen m

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chain [tʃeɪn]

1. n (gen) → catena
gold chain → catenina d'oro

2. vt (also chain up) → incatenare

chain up vt + adv (prisoner) → incatenare; (dog) → mettere alla catena

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chain [tʃeɪn]

1. n (gen) → catena
gold chain → catenina d'oro

2. vt (also chain up) → incatenare

chain up vt + adv (prisoner) → incatenare; (dog) → mettere alla catena

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chain

n chain [tʃein]

1 a series of (especially metal) links or rings passing through one another The dog was fastened by a chain; She wore a silver chain round her neck. ketting سِلْسِلَه синджир řetěz, řetízek kæde; lænke die Kette αλυσίδα cadena kett زنجیر ketju chaîne שַׁרשֶרֶת जंजीर lanac lánc rantai keðja catena 鎖 쇠사슬 grandinė(lė) ķēde; ķēdīte rantai ketting kjede, lenke łańcuch corrente lanţ цепь; цепочка reťaz, retiazka veriga; verižica lanac kedja, kätting โซ่ zincir 鏈條 ланцюг; цеп زنجیر dây xích 链条

2 a series a chain of events. reeks تَسَلْسُلِ الأحْداث поредица řetěz række; kæde die Kette αλληλουχία cadena, serie ahel سلسله kettinki série תְּגוּבַת שַׁרשֶרֶת श्रृंखला lanac láncolat rangkaian röð catena, serie 連鎖 일련 virtinė sērija; virkne rentetan reeks rekke, rad łańcuch cadeia serie цепь reťaz zaporedje, vrsta lanac kedja, följd เหตุการณ์ที่เกิดต่อเนื่องกัน dizi 一連串 , ланцюжок, сплетення سلسلہ chuỗi 一系列

v

to fasten or bind with chains The prisoner was chained to the wall. vasketting يُقَيِّد оковавам с вериги uvázat na řetěz lænke anketten αλυσοδένω encadenar, atar aheldama زنجیر کردن panna kahleisiin enchaîner לִכבּוֹל בְּשַרשֶׁרוֹת सिकड़ी बाधना okovati megláncol merantai hlekkja incatenare 鎖でつなぐ 쇠사슬로 묶다 prirakinti pieķēdēt merantaikan ketenen lenke przykuwać acorrentar a pune în lanţuri приковывать цепями upevniť reťazou prikleniti privezati kedja fast, fjättra ล่ามโซ่ zincirlemek, zincire vurmak 用鏈條栓住 заковувати; тримати в кайданах زنجیر سے باندھنا یا قابو کرنا xích lại 用链条栓住

chain mail

armour made of iron links. maliekolder دِرْعٌ مِن زَرَد الحَديد ризница drátěná košile ringbrynje der Kettenpanzer αλυσιδωτή πανοπλία cota de malla rõngasrüü جوشن rengaspaita cotte de mailles מִכתָב שַרשֶרֶת जंजीरों का कवच lančana poruka páncéling baju besi hringabrynja maglia ad anelli 鎖かたびら 쇠사슬 값옷 grandeliniai šarvai/marškiniai bruņukrekls baju besi malia ankolder ringbrynje kolczuga cota de malha zale кольчуга krúžkové brnenie verižna srajca pancir-košulja ringbrynja เสื้อเกราะที่ทำด้วยเหล็กเป็นวงร้อยกัน zincir / örme zırh 鎖子甲 кольчуга زرہ بکتر áo giáp xích 锁子甲

chain store

one of a series of shops (often department stores) under the same ownership. kettingwinkel واحِدَةٌ مِن سِلْسِلَةٌ تِجارِيَّه مُتَشابِهَه لِشَرِكَةٍ واحِدَه един от верига магазини filiálka (obchodního domu) kædeforretning die Ladenkette αλυσίδα καταστημάτων tienda (de una cadena) ahelkauplus فروشگاه زنجیره ای ketjumyymälä magasin (à succursales multiples) חֲנוּת רֶשֶת श्रृंखला स्टोर robna kuća iz mreže sličnih podružnica (üzlet)lánc kongsi verslanakeðja negozio a catena チェーンストア 연쇄점 prekybos tinklui priklausanti parduotuvė vienas firmas vienveida veikali kedai rantaian (filiaal van een) grootwinkelbedrijf forretningskjede sklep sieci handlowej cadeia de lojas magazin (dintr-un lanţ de magazine) однотипный магазин одной фирмы filiálka podružnica lanac prodavnica butik i affärskedja กลุ่มของร้านย่อยที่อยู่ภายใต้บริษัทเดียวกัน mağazalar zinciri 連鎖商店 магазин, що входить до мережі однієї фірми دوکانوں کا سلسلہ một loạt cửa hàng giống nhau 联号商店

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Chain → سِلسة řetěz kæde Kette αλυσίδα cadena ketju chaîne lanac catena 鎖 사슬 ketting kjede łańcuch corrente цепь kedja โซ่ zincir xích 链