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exclusive economic zone
(redirected from Exclusive economic zones)

   Also found in: Wikipedia 0.03 sec.
A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the coastal state has sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources, both living and nonliving, of the seabed, subsoil, and the subjacent waters and, with regard to other activities, for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone (e.g., the production of energy from the water, currents, and winds). Within the EEZ, the coastal state has jurisdiction with regard to establishing and using artificial islands, installations, and structures having economic purposes as well as for marine scientific research and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. Other states may, however, exercise traditional high seas freedoms of navigation, overflight, and related freedoms, such as conducting military exercises in the EEZ. Also called EEZ.

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Scheiber also traces the origins of the enclosure movement that eventually led to the establishment of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) under the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The declaration calls on governments and their constituencies around the world to take immediate, "decisive action" that would include ending all subsidies that encourage overfishing; increasing the number and effectiveness of marine sanctuaries so that 20 percent of exclusive economic zones, as well as the high seas, are protected by the year 2020; abandoning fishing methods that destroy fish habitats (SN: 10/26/96, p.
The problem centred on fish populations that "straddle" the boundaries of countries' 200-mile exclusive economic zones (EEZs), such as cod off Canada's eastern coast and pollack in the Bering Sea, and highly migratory species like tuna and swordfish, which move between EEZs and the high seas.
 
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