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economics [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks ˌɛkə-] n 1. (Economics) (functioning as singular) the social science concerned with the production and consumption of goods and services and the analysis of the commercial activities of a society See also macroeconomics, microeconomics 2. (Economics) (plural) financial aspects the economics of the project are very doubtful Economics Rare. the science of wealth; plutology. a national policy of economic self-sufficiency or independence. — autarkist, n. — autarkie, autarkical, adj. the practice of promoting trade between two countries through agreements concerning quantity and price of commodities. Cf. multilateralism. — bilateralistic, adj. the principles behind, and means of carrying out, a boycott. — boycotter, n. the theories and adherence to the theories of the cameralists. — cameralist, n. — cameralistic. adj. a mercantilist economist of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries who believed in the doctrine that a nation’s wealth could be made greater by increasing its supply of money. — cameralistic, adj. a system of economics under which ownership of and investment in the means of production and distribution depends chiefly upon corporations and private individuals. — capitalist, n. — capitalistic, adj. the practice of controlling production and prices by agreements between or among international companies. — cartel, n. the study of the production of wealth, especially as attained from precious metals. the economic doctrines of Richard Cobden (1804-65), who believed in peace and the withdrawal from European competition for balance of power. the mercantilist theories of Jean Colbert in the 17th century, especially his advocacy of high protective tariffs. 1. the principles, practice, and spirit of commerce. 2. an excessive emphasis on high profit, commercial success, or immediate results. 3. a commercial custom, practice, or expression. — commercialist, n. — commercialistic, adj. the principles and practices associated with the utilization of economic goods. an economic phenomenon of the late 1970s and early 1980s in which investors, flnding that conventional savings and thrift methods did not pay sufficient interest to keep pace with inflation, transferred their funds to the money market and related savings and investment instruments, leading to a rapid growth in those resources and a loss of funds from institutions like savings banks. language and jargon typical of economists and the field of economics. mathematical methods used in the science of economics to prove and develop economic theories. the study of the production, use, and consumption of goods and services in society. — economie, economical, adj. — economist, n. a theory or doctrine that attaches principal importance to economic goals. — economist, n. a late 19th-century English movement that favored the gradual development of socialism by peaceful means. — Fabian, n., adj. the theory of Henry Ford stating that production efficiency is dependent on successful assembly-line methods. a system of social and economic organization based upon highly mechanized industry. — industrialist, n., adj. the quality of advocating economic inflation. — inflationist, n. the principle of contribution and division of capital or stock by a number of persons. the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), English economist, and his advocates, especially his emphasis upon deficit spending by government to stimulate business investment. — Keynesian, n., adj. the economic doctrine that the government should intervene as little as possible in economic affairs. — laissez-faireist, n., adj. the division of economics dealing with broad, general aspects of an economy, as the import-export balance of a nation as a whole. Cf. microeconomics. — macroeconomist, n. — macroeconomic, adj. the theories of Thomas Malthus (1766-1834), English economist, stating that population growth tends to increase faster than production and that food and necessities will be in short supply unless population growth is restricted or war, disease, and famine intervene. — Malthusian, n., adj. the policies and principles of an English school of economists based in Manchester. — Manchesterist, n. a political and economic policy seeking to advance a state above others by accumulating large quantities of precious metals and by exporting in large quantity while importing in small. — mercantilist, n. — mercantilistic, adj. the division of economics dealing with particular aspects of an economy, as the price-cost relationship of a business. Cf. macroeconomies. — microeconomist, n. — microeconomic, adj. 1. an economic theory maintaining that stability and growth in the economy are dependent on a steady growth rate in the supply of money. 2. the principle put forward by American economist Milton Friedman that control of the money supply and, thereby, of rate in the supply of credit serves to control inflation and recession while fostering prosperity. — monetarist, n., adj. the practice of promoting trade among several countries through agreements concerning quantity and price of commodities, as the Common Market, and, sometimes, restrictive tariffs on goods from outsiders. the act or process of the taking over of private industry by government. See also government. the belief that the use of contraceptives as a means of lowering the population will eliminate such adverse elements as vice and elevate the Standard of living. — Neo-Malthusian, n., adj. the principles of social and labor reform along communistic lines developed by Robert Owen (1771-1858). — Owenite, n. the herding or tending of cattle as a primary economic activity or occupation. Also pasturage. — pastoralist, n. — pastoral, adj. the branch of economics that studies wealth; theoretical economics. Also called plutonomy. the act or process of transferring to private ownership industry operated by a government, of ten industry that has been nationalized. See also government. the theory or practice of a method of fostering or developing industry through restrictive tariffs on foreign imports. — protectionist, n., adj. the economic theories and policies of the administration of President Ronald Reagan (1981- ), basically a policy of supply-side economics with emphasis on defense spending, encouragement of private and corporate development and investment, and reduction in government spending on social services. a believer in the economic theories of David Ricardo, English economist, especially that rental income is an economic surplus. — Ricardian, adj. the theory of the Comte de Saint-Simon (1760-1825), who proposed a socialism in which all property and production be state-controlled with distribution on the basis of an individual’s job and ability. — Saint-Simonist, n. Economics
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economics noun finance, commerce, the dismal science He gained a first class degree in economics. see economic organizations and treaties Quotations "We have always known that heedless self-interest was bad morals; we know now that it is bad economics" [Franklin Delano Roosevelt First Inaugural Address] "The Dismal Science" [Thomas Carlyle Latter-Day Pamphlets] EconomicsBranches of economics agronomics, cliometrics, econometrics, economic history, industrial economics, macroeconomics, microeconomics, welfare economics Economics terms arbitration, asset, autarky, automation, balanced budget, balance of payments, balance of trade, balance sheet, bank, bankruptcy, barriers to entry, barriers to exit, barter, base rate, bear market, bid, black economy, boom, boycott, bridging loan, budget, budget deficit, building society, bull market, business cycle, buyer's market, capacity, capital, capital good, capitalism, cartel, cash, central bank, Chamber of Commerce, closed shop, collective bargaining, command economy or planned economy, commercial bank or clearing bank, commission, commodity, common market, comparative advantage, competition, conspicuous consumption, consumer, consumer good, consumption, cooperative, corporation, corporation tax, cost-benefit analysis, cost effectiveness, cost of living, cost-push inflation, credit, credit controls, credit squeeze, currency, current account, customs union, debt, deflation, deindustrialization, demand, demand management or stabilization policy, demand-pull inflation, deposit account, depreciation, depression, deregulation, devaluation, diminishing returns, discount, discount house (Brit.), discount rate, disequilibrium, disinflation, disposable income, diversification, divestment, dividend, division of labour, dumping, duopoly, durable good, Dutch disease, duty, earned income, earnings, economic growth, economic policy, economic sanctions, economies of scale, embargo, employee, employer, employment, entrepreneur, environmental audit, exchange, exchange rate, expenditure, export, finance, financial year, fiscal drag, fiscal policy, fiscal year, Five-Year Plan, fixed assets, fixed costs, fixed exchange-rate system, fixed investment, floating exchange-rate system, foreclosure, foreign exchange controls, foreign exchange market, forfaiting, franchise, free-market economy, free rider, free trade, free trade area, free trade zone or freeport, freight, friendly society, fringe benefits, full employment, funding, futures market or forward exchange market, gains from trade, game theory, gilt-edged security or government bond, gold standard, greenfield investment, gross domestic product or GDP, gross national product or GNP, gross profit, hard currency, hedging, hire, hire purchase or HP, hoarding, holding, horizontal integration, hot money, human capital, hyperinflation, imperfect competition, import, import restrictions, income, income support, income tax, index-linked, indirect tax, industrial dispute, industrial estate, industrial policy, industrial relations, industrial sector, inflationary spiral, information agreement, infrastructure, inheritance tax, insolvency, instalment credit, institutional investors, insurance, intangible assets, intangibles, intellectual property right, interest, interest rate, international competitiveness, international debt, international reserves, investment, invisible balance, invisible hand, invoice, joint-stock company, joint venture, junk bond, labour, labour market, labour theory of value, laissez faire or laisser faire, lease, legal tender, lender, liability, liquidation, liquid asset, liquidity, listed company, loan, lockout, macroeconomic policy, management buy-out, marginal revenue, marginal utility, market, market failure, mass production, means test, mediation, medium of exchange, medium-term financial strategy, mercantilism, merchant bank, merger, microeconomic policy, middleman, mint, mixed economy, monetarism, monetary compensatory amounts, MCAs, or green money, monetary policy, money, money supply, monopoly, moonlighting, mortgage, multinational, national debt, national income, national insurance contributions, nationalization, national product, natural rate of unemployment, net profit, nondurable good, offshore, oligopoly, overheads, overheating, overmanning, overtime, patent, pawnbroker, pay, pay-as-you-earn or PAYE, payroll, pension, pension fund, per capita income, perfect competition, personal equity plan or PEP, picket, piecework, polluter pays principle, portfolio, poverty trap, premium, premium bond, price, prices and incomes policy, primary sector, private enterprise, private property, privatization, producer, production, productivity, profit, profitability, profit-and-loss account, profit margin, profit sharing, progressive taxation, protectionism, public expenditure, public finance, public interest, public-sector borrowing requirement or PSBR, public-sector debt repayment, public utility, public works, pump priming, purchasing power, quality control, ratchet effect, rational expectations, rationalization, rationing, recession, recommended retail price, recovery, recycling, redundancy, reflation, regional policy, rent, rent controls, research and development or R & D, residual unemployment, restrictive labour practice, retail, retail price index, revaluation, revenue, risk analysis, salary, sales, saving, savings bank, seasonal unemployment, self-employment, self service, self-sufficiency, seller's market, sequestration, service sector, share, shareholder, share issue, share price index, shop, shop steward, simple interest, slump, social costs, socio-economic group, soft currency, specialization, speculation, stagflation, standard of living, stock, stockbroker, stock control, stock exchange or stock market, stop-go cycle, structural unemployment, subsidiary company, subsidy, supplier, supply, supply-side economics, surplus, synergy, takeover, tangible assets, tariff, tax, taxation, tax avoidance, tax evasion, tax haven, terms of trade, trade, trade barrier, trademark, trade union, trade-weighted index, training, transaction, trust, trustee, underwriter, unearned income, unemployment, unemployment benefit, uniform business rate or UBR, unit of account, unit trust, utility, value-added tax or VAT, variable costs, venture capital, vertical integration, voluntary unemployment, wage, wage restraint, wealth, welfare state, wholesaler, worker participation, working capital, yield Economics schools and theories Austrian school, Chicago school, Classical school, Keynesianism, Marxism, mercantilism, monetarism, neoclassical school, neoKeynesians, Physiocrats, Reaganomics, Rogernomics (N.Z.), Thatcherism Economists Norman Angell (English), Walter Bagehot (British), Cesare Bonesana Beccaria (Italian), William Henry Beveridge (English), John Bright (English), Richard Cobden (English), Augustin Cournot (French), Jacques Delors (French), C(lifford) H(ugh) Douglas (English), Milton Friedman (U.S.), Ragnar Frisch (Norwegian), J(ohn) K(enneth) Galbraith (U.S.), Henry George (U.S.), Friedrich August von Hayek (Austrian-British), David Hume (Scottish), William Stanley Jevons (English), John Maynard Keynes (British), Simon Kuznets (U.S.), Arthur Laffer (U.S.), Stephen Butler Leacock (Canadian), Sicco Leendert Mansholt (Dutch), Arthur Lewis West (Indian), Thomas Robert Malthus (British), Alfred Marshall (British), Karl Marx (German), James Mill (Scottish), John Stuart Mill (English), Jean Monnet (French), Nicole d' Oresme (French), Andreas (George) Papandreou (Greek), Vilfredo Pareto (Italian), Frédéric Passy (French), A. W. H. Phillips (English), François Quesnay (French), David Ricardo (British), Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (British), Joseph Schumpeter (Austrian), Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de Sismondi (Swiss), Adam Smith (British), Jan Tinbergen (Dutch), Arnold Toynbee (English), Anne Robert Jacques Turgot (French), Thorstein Veblen (U.S.), Dame Barbara (Mary) Ward (British), Sidney Webb (British), Max Weber (German), Barbara (Frances) Wootton (English) Translations economics [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks] A. NSING (= science) → economía f he's doing economics at university → estudia económicas en la universidad see also home D B. NPL (= financial aspects) → aspectos mpl económicos the economics of the situation → los aspectos económicos de la situación the economics of the third world countries → la economía de los países tercermundistas economics [ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks] n (= university subject) → économie f politique, sciences fpl économiques He's studying economics → Il étudie les sciences économiques. npl the economics of sth → l'aspect m économique de qch economies of scale npl → économies fpl d'échelle economics n sing or pl → Volkswirtschaft f, → Wirtschaftswissenschaften pl; (= social economics) → Volkswirtschaft f; (in management studies) → Betriebswirtschaft f pl (= economic aspect) → Wirtschaftlichkeit f, → Ökonomie f; the economics of the situation → die wirtschaftliche Seite der Situation Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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