RNA (redirected from Ribose nucleic acid)

RNA  (ärn-)

n.

A polymeric constituent of all living cells and many viruses, consisting of a long, usually single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information. Also called ribonucleic acid.

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[r(ibo)n(ucleic) a(cid).]

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RNA

n

(Life Sciences & Allied Applications / Biochemistry) Biochem ribonucleic acid; any of a group of nucleic acids, present in all living cells, that play an essential role in the synthesis of proteins. On hydrolysis they yield the pentose sugar ribose, the purine bases adenine and guanine, the pyrimidine bases cytosine and uracil, and phosphoric acid See also messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, DNA

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RNA  (ärn-) Short for ribonucleic acid. The nucleic acid that is used in key metabolic processes for all steps of protein synthesis in all living cells and carries the genetic information of many viruses. Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA consists of a single strand of nucleotides, and it occurs in a variety of lengths and shapes. RNA also differs from DNA in having the pyrimidine base uracil instead of thymine and in having ribose instead of deoxyribose in its sugar-phosphate backbone. In eukaryotes, RNA is produced in the cell nucleus. Messenger RNA is RNA that carries genetic information from the cell nucleus to the structures in the cytoplasm (known as ribosomes) where protein synthesis takes place. Ribosomal RNA is the main structural component of the ribosome. Transfer RNA is RNA that delivers the amino acids necessary for protein synthesis to the ribosomes. Compare DNA.

RNA A. adenine, C. cytosine, G. guanine, U. uracil

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RNA

ribonucleic acid.

See also: Heredity

Thesaurus

Noun

1.

RNA - (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell; "ribonucleic acid is the genetic material of some viruses" ribonucleic acid biochemistry - the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms; the effort to understand biology within the context of chemistry ribose - a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid adenine, A - (biochemistry) purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA cytosine, C - a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine informational RNA, messenger RNA, mRNA, template RNA - the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell nRNA, nuclear RNA - ribonucleic acid found in the nucleolus of the cell acceptor RNA, soluble RNA, transfer RNA, tRNA - RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA) guanine, G - a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine nucleic acid - (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells polymer - a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers U, uracil - a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

Translations

RNA N ABBR =ribonucleic acid → ARN m

RNA [ˌɑːrɛnˈeɪ] n abbr (=ribonucleic acid) → ARN m

RNA abbr of ribonucleic acid → RNS f

RNA [ˌɑːrɛnˈeɪ] n abbr (Biochemistry) =ribonucleic acid → RNA