temper

tem·per  (tmpr)

v. tem·pered, tem·per·ing, tem·pers

v.tr.

1. To modify by the addition of a moderating element; moderate: "temper its doctrinaire logic with a little practical wisdom" (Robert H. Jackson). See Synonyms at moderate.

2. To bring to a desired consistency, texture, hardness, or other physical condition by or as if by blending, admixing, or kneading: temper clay; paints that had been tempered with oil.

3. To harden or strengthen (metal or glass) by application of heat or by heating and cooling.

4. To strengthen through experience or hardship; toughen: soldiers who had been tempered by combat.

5. To adjust finely; attune: a portfolio that is tempered to the investor's needs.

6. Music To adjust (the pitch of an instrument) to a temperament.

v.intr.

To be or become tempered.

n.

1. A state of mind or emotions; disposition: an even temper. See Synonyms at mood¹.

2. Calmness of mind or emotions; composure: lose one's temper.

3.

a. A tendency to become easily angry or irritable: a quick temper.

b. An outburst of rage: a fit of temper.

4. A characteristic general quality; tone: heroes who exemplified the medieval temper; the politicized temper of the 1930s.

5.

a. The condition of being tempered.

b. The degree of hardness and elasticity of a metal, chiefly steel, achieved by tempering.

6. A modifying substance or agent added to something else.

7. Archaic A middle course between extremes; a mean.

---

[Middle English temperen, from Old English temprian, from Latin temperre, probably from variant of tempus, tempor-, time, season.]

---

temper·a·bili·ty n.

temper·a·ble adj.

temper·er n.

---

temper [ˈtɛmpə]

n

1. a frame of mind; mood or humour a good temper

2. a sudden outburst of anger; tantrum

3. a tendency to exhibit uncontrolled anger; irritability

4. a mental condition of moderation and calm (esp in the phrases keep one's temper, lose one's temper, out of temper)

5. (Engineering / Metallurgy) the degree of hardness, elasticity, or a similar property of a metal or metal object

vb (tr)

1. to make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate he tempered his criticism with kindly sympathy

2. (Engineering / Metallurgy) to strengthen or toughen (a metal or metal article) by heat treatment, as by heating and quenching

3. (Music, other) Music

a.  to adjust the frequency differences between the notes of a scale on (a keyboard instrument) in order to allow modulation into other keys

b.  to make such an adjustment to the pitches of notes in (a scale)

4. a rare word for adapt

5. an archaic word for mix

[Old English temprian to mingle, (influenced by Old French temprer), from Latin temperāre to mix, probably from tempus time]

temperable  adj

temperability  n

temperer  n

---

temper

• acerbic - Often describes a sharp or biting mood, temper, tone, or wit; acerbity is normally a bit less sharp than sarcasm.
• tirret - An outburst of temper.
• mansuetude - Tameness or sweetness of temper.
• tamper - First meant "to work in clay" or "temper in clay."

Thesaurus

Noun	1.	temper - a sudden outburst of anger; "his temper sparked like damp firewood" irritation, pique vexation, annoyance, chafe - anger produced by some annoying irritation
	2.	temper - a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling; "whether he praised or cursed me depended on his temper at the time"; "he was in a bad humor" humour, mood, humor feeling - the experiencing of affective and emotional states; "she had a feeling of euphoria"; "he had terrible feelings of guilt"; "I disliked him and the feeling was mutual" peeve - an annoyed or irritated mood sulk, sulkiness - a mood or display of sullen aloofness or withdrawal; "stayed home in a sulk" amiability, good humor, good humour, good temper - a cheerful and agreeable mood ill humor, ill humour, distemper - an angry and disagreeable mood
	3.	temper - a disposition to exhibit uncontrolled anger; "his temper was well known to all his employees" pettishness, snappishness, surliness, biliousness, peevishness, irritability ill nature - a disagreeable, irritable, or malevolent disposition querulousness - the quality of being given to complaining
	4.	temper - the elasticity and hardness of a metal object; its ability to absorb considerable energy before cracking toughness elasticity, snap - the tendency of a body to return to its original shape after it has been stretched or compressed; "the waistband had lost its snap"
Verb	1.	temper - bring to a desired consistency, texture, or hardness by a process of gradually heating and cooling; "temper glass" anneal, normalize harden, indurate - make hard or harder; "The cold hardened the butter"
	2.	temper - harden by reheating and cooling in oil; "temper steel" harden modify - make less severe or harsh or extreme; "please modify this letter to make it more polite"; "he modified his views on same-gender marriage"
	3.	temper - adjust the pitch (of pianos) adjust, correct, set - alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform to a standard; "Adjust the clock, please"; "correct the alignment of the front wheels"
	4.	temper - make more temperate, acceptable, or suitable by adding something else; moderate; "she tempered her criticism" mollify, season weaken - lessen the strength of; "The fever weakened his body"
	5.	temper - restrain chasten, moderate alter, change, modify - cause to change; make different; cause a transformation; "The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city"; "The discussion has changed my thinking about the issue"

---

temper

noun

1. irritability, anger, irascibility, passion, resentment, irritation, annoyance, petulance, surliness, ill humour, peevishness, hot-headedness I hope he can control his temper.
irritability goodwill, contentment, good humour

2. frame of mind, character, nature, attitude, mind, mood, constitution, humour, vein, temperament, tenor, disposition He's known for his placid temper.

3. rage, fury, bad mood, passion, paddy (Brit. informal), wax (informal, chiefly Brit.), tantrum, bate (Brit. slang), fit of pique She was still in a temper when I arrived.

4. self-control, composure, cool (slang), calm, good humour, tranquillity, coolness, calmness, equanimity I've never seen him lose his temper.
self-control anger, fury, wrath, irritation, indignation, agitation, pique, bad mood, excitability, vexation, grumpiness, irascibility, foul humour

verb

1. moderate, restrain, tone down, calm, soften, soothe, lessen, allay, mitigate, abate, assuage, mollify, soft-pedal (informal), palliate, admix He had to learn to temper his enthusiasm.
moderate intensify, arouse, heighten, excite, stir, provoke, aggravate

2. strengthen, harden, toughen, anneal a new way of tempering glass
strengthen soften

Translations

temper [ˈtempəʳ]

A. N

1. (= nature) → carácter m, genio m; (= mood) → humor m
to be in a temper → estar furioso
to be in a good/bad temper → estar de buen/mal humor
to keep one's temper → no perder la calma, contenerse
to lose one's temper → perder los estribos
to have a quick temper → tener genio
in a fit of temper → en un acceso de furia or ira
to fly into a temper → ponerse furioso, montar en cólera
mind your temper!; temper, temper! → ¡contrólate or controla ese genio!

2. [of metal] → temple m

B. VT

1. (= moderate) [+ remarks] → suavizar, atenuar; [+ energy, enthusiasm] → atemperar
to temper justice with mercy → templar la justicia con la compasión

2. (= soften) [+ metal] → templar

---

temper [ˈtɛmpə^r]

n

(= tendency to become angry)
I hope he can control his temper → J'espère qu'il pourra contrôler ses humeurs.
to have a temper → se mettre facilement en colère
He's got a terrible temper → Il se met très facilement en colère.
to have a short temper → se mettre très facilement en colère
to keep one's temper → rester calme, garder son calme
to lose one's temper → se mettre en colère
I lost my temper → Je me suis mis en colère.

(= fit of anger) → colère f
to be in a temper → être en colère

(= mood) → humeur f
to be in a good temper → être de bonne humeur
to be in a bad temper → être de mauvaise humeur

(= nature) → caractère m

vt (= moderate) → tempérer

---

temper

n

(= disposition) → Wesen nt, → Naturell nt; (= angry mood) → Wut f; temper tantrum → Wutanfall m; to be in a temper → wütend sein; to be in a good/bad temper → guter/schlechter Laune sein; he was not in the best of tempers → er war nicht gerade bester Laune; she’s got a quick temper → sie kann sehr jähzornig sein; she’s got a terrible/foul/vicious temper → sie kann sehr unangenehm/ausfallend/tückisch werden; what a temper that child has! → was dieses Kind für Wutanfälle hat!; to be in a (bad) temper with somebody/over or about something → auf jdn/wegen einer Sache (gen) → wütend sein; to lose one’s temper → die Beherrschung verlieren (with sb bei jdm); to keep one’s temper → sich beherrschen (with sb bei jdm); temper, temper! → aber, aber, wer wird denn gleich so zornig werden!; to fly into a temper → einen Wutanfall bekommen, in die Luft gehen (inf); a fit of temper → ein Wutanfall m; to put somebody in a temper, to get somebody’s temper up → jdn zur Weißglut bringen, jdn wütend machen; he has quite a temper → er kann ziemlich aufbrausen; to be out of temper (old) → verstimmt sein, übel gelaunt sein; I hope he can control his temper → ich hoffe, er kann sich unter Kontrolle halten

(of metal) → Härte f, → Härtegrad m

vt

metal → tempern

(old Mus) → temperieren (old)

(fig) action, passion → mäßigen; criticism → mildern; enthusiasm → zügeln; to temper justice with mercy → bei aller Gerechtigkeit Milde walten lassen; to be tempered by concern/realism → mit Fürsorge/Realismus vermischt sein

---

temper [ˈtɛmpəʳ]

1. n (nature) → temperamento, carattere m, indole f; (mood) → umore m; (fit of anger) → collera
she has a sweet temper → è dolce per temperamento or di indole
to be in a temper → essere in collera
to be in a good/bad temper → essere di buon/cattivo umore
to keep one's temper → restare calmo/a
to lose one's temper → perdere le staffe, andare in collera
in a fit of temper → in un accesso d'ira
to fly into a temper → andare su tutte le furie
mind your temper!, temper, temper! → cerca di controllarti!, calma, calma!

2. vt (moderate) → moderare; (soften, metal) → temprare

---

temper

n temper [ˈtempə]

1 a state of mind; a mood or humour He's in a bad temper. bui, humeur مِزاج настроение nálada humør die Stimmung (ψυχική) διάθεση humor meeleolu حالت روحی؛ خلق mieliala humeur מֶזֶג मनोदशा raspoloženje hangulat perangai skap umore 気分 기분, 기질 nuotaika garastāvoklis; oma angin humeur sinn, humør, lynne humor, nastrój humor dispoziţie настроение nálada razpoloženje raspoloženje humör อารมณ์ ruh hali, keyif 心情 настрій ذہني حالت، موڈ tính tình, tính khí 心情

2 a tendency to become (unpleasant when) angry He has a terrible temper. humeur حِدَّة إنْفِعال، مِزاج حاد избухливост povaha temperament die Laune ευερεθιστότητα genio iseloom بدخلقی maltti (mauvais) caractère רוֹגֶז चिड़चिड़ापन, खीज razdražljivost, gnjevnost természet sifat pemarah skap carattere, temperamento 短気 성질 charakteris, būdas raksturs; daba baran temperament temperament, (hissig) gemytt charakter génio fire (iras­cibilă) вспыльчивость povaha razdražljivost temperament [] humör, [] lynne อารมณ์โกรธ huy, tabiat 脾氣 вдача, характер بد مزاجي khuynh hướng dễ cáu 脾气

3 a state of anger She's in a temper. bui حالَة غَضَب сръдня zlost vred die Gereiztheit οργή, θυμός furia ärritus خشم vihainen mielentila colère רוֹגֶז क्रोध bijes, gnjev rosszkedv keadaan marah vont skap collera かんしゃく 화 įsiūtis, pyktis dusmas marah kwade bui hissighet, dårlig humør złość ataque de raiva (acces de) furie гнев zlosť, podráždenosť jeza stanje besa [] dåligt humör อารมณ์โกรธ kızgınlık, öfke 怒氣 запальність خفگي، ناراضگي tình trạng cáu kỉnh 怒气

v

1 to bring metal to the right degree of hardness by heating and cooling The steel must be carefully tempered. wals يَسْقي الفولاذ لِتَقْوِيَتِه، يُصَلِّد الفولاذ калявам popouštět, kalit hærde härten ψήνω μέταλλο templar karastama سخت کردن karkaista tremper לְהַרפּוֹת लचीला बनाना धातु इत्यादि को kaliti, stvrdnuti temperál (fémet) menempa styrkja, bæta temprare 鍛える 담금질하다 grūdinti rūdīt membajai temperen herde hartować temperar a căli закаливать kaliť kaliti kaliti härda ทำให้เข้มแข็งขึ้น (çeliğe) su verme 使回火 гартувати دھات کو اصلي حالت پر لانا tôi (thép) 使回火

2 to soften or make less severe One must try to temper justice with mercy. versag, balanseer يُلَطِّف، يُخَفِّف من، يُسَكِّن смекчавам mírnit mildne mildern μετριάζω suavizar mahendama تعدیل کردن lieventää tempérer (par) לְהַמתִיק कम करना omekšati, ublažiti enyhít melunakkan milda temperare, attenuare 和らげる 누그러뜨리다 sušvelninti mīkstināt; mazināt meringankan temperen mildne, dempe, døyve łagodzić moderar a tempera; a îm­păca (cu) смягчать; сочетать mierniť ublažiti umanjiti mildra, modifiera, temperera, man måste låta nåd gå före rätt ทำให้บรรเทาหรือน้อยลง yumuşatmak, hafifletmek 使軟化，使緩和 стримувати; пом'якшувати اعتدال پر لانا، نرم کرنا làm ôn hòa, làm dịu 使软化，使缓和

-tempered

having a (certain) state of mind good-tempered; mean-tempered; sweet-tempered. geaard ذو مِزاج، ذو طَبْع с ... характер naložený behagelig; ubehagelig gestimmt -διάθετος (ως β΄ συνθ.) de carácter... -loomuline, -tujuline خلق... -tuulinen au caractère (...) מַצַב רוּחַ मिज़ाज वाला ćud, narav vmilyen kedélyű berperangai -lyndur dal carattere (...) －気質の -성격 būdo, charakterio maiga rakstura- berhati {#169}gehumeurd -lynnet, av sinn ... usposobiony de (bom, etc.) feitio într-o dispoziţie (...) характер naladený ki je (...) volje naravi med ... sinnelag (humör, natur) ที่มีอารมณ์ ... huylu ...脾氣的 такий, що має певний характер ذہن کا trạng thái tâm lý ...脾气的

keep one's temper

not to lose one's temper He was very annoyed but he kept his temper. humeur beheer يَتَمالَك أعْصابَه сдържам се neztratit náladu bevare fatningen ruhig bleiben διατηρώ την ψυχραιμία μου mantener la calma meelerahu säilitama جلوی خشم خود را گرفتن säilyttää malttinsa se maîtriser לִשמוֹר עַל קוֹר רוּחַ शांत रहना ostati miran, ostati staložen megőrzi nyugalmát hafa stjórn á skapi sínu (mantenere la calma) 平静を保つ 화를 참다 valdyti save savaldīties menahan marah zijn kalmte bewaren bevare fatningen zachować spokój, opanować gniew manter a calma a se stăpâni владеть собой nestratiť náladu obvladati se ne gubiti nerve เก็บอารมณ์ sinirlerine hakim olmak, kendini tutmak 忍住性子 володіти собою قابو ميں رکھنا giữ bình tĩnh 忍住性子

lose one's temper

to show anger He lost his temper and shouted at me. humeur verloor يَفْقِدُ أعْصابَه، يَثور избухвам rozzlobit se miste besindelsen in Wut geraten χάνω τη ψυχραιμία μου, εξοργίζομαι perder los estribos endast välja minema خشمگین شدن menettää malttinsa se mettre en colère לַצֵאת מִן הַכֵּלִים गुस्सा करना, झल्लाना rasrditi se, raspaliti se dühbe jön marah missa stjórn á skapi sínu (perdere la calma) 怒りだす 화를 참지 못하다 prarasti savitvardą zaudēt pašsavaldīšanos; sadusmoties hilang sabar zijn kalmte verliezen bli sint, miste fatningen stracić panowanie nad sobą perder a calma a-şi ieşi din fire потерять самообладание nahnevať sa izgubiti živce izgubiti nerve tappa humöret, bli arg โกรธ sinirlerine hakim olamamak, kendini tutamayıp hiddetlenmek 發脾氣 виходити з себе غصے ميں بے قابو ہونا mất bình tĩnh 发脾气

---

temper → مِزَاج vztek temperament Wut ιδιοσυγκρασία humor kiukku caractère ćud carattere かんしゃく 화 humeur temperament usposobienie temperamento нрав humör อารมณ์โกรธ öfke patlaması cơn giận 脾气