There was also Abu Marwan Ibn Zuhr, known by Europeans as
Avenzoar. Born in the 12th century in Seville, Ibn Zuhr conducted original research in therapeutics, tumours, and abscesses while serving as a physician to both the Almoravid and Ahmohad courts.
Abu-Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zuhr or
Avenzoar (10941 162) and
Even though this elaborate explanation came from the respected twelve century Arab physician from Seville,
Avenzoar, Monardes preferred, and also cited, another version that was supported by his sources and had a crucial variation with respect to the first theory.
These role models include Jabir Ibn Hayyan, "the father of chemistry," Abbas Ibn Firnas, an early pioneer of unpowered flight, Al-Farabi, who invented an ancestor to the violin, and Abu Marwan Ibn Zuhr (
Avenzoar), a pioneer of experimental surgery whose two daughters also became doctors.