The adrenocortical responses to stress in Snow Buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) and Lapland Longspurs (
Calcarius lapponicus) at Barrow, Alaska.
of detections All birds 210 American goldfinch Carduelis tristis 6 American robin Turdus migratorius 1 American tree sparrow Spizella arborea 30 Bewick's wren Thryomanes bewickii 2 Dark-eyed junco Junco hyemalis 1 Eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna 5 European starling Sturnus vulgaris 1 Field sparrow Spizella pusilla 6 Harris's sparrow Zonotrichia querula 4 Horned lark Eremophila alpestris 11 Lapland longspur
Calcarius lapponicus 1 Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus 5 McCown's longspur
Calcarius mccownii 1 Northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis 2 Rufous-crowned sparrow Aimophila ruficeps 5 Red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus 9 Song sparrow Melospiza melodia 6 Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus 1 Unknown spp.
savannarum (Gmelin), I O grasshopper sparrow Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger, I R lark bunting
Calcarius lapponicus (Linnaeus), I O Lapland longspur C.
Chestnut-collared Longspurs (
Calcarius ornatus) require vegetation that is moderate in stature, sparse, with low to moderate forb cover, sparse litter, and low amounts of bare ground and woody vegetation.
Though most kills are associated with towers greater than 500-feet, on January 22, 1998 approximately 10,000 Lapland longspurs (
Calcarius lapponicus) were killed as a result of a 420-foot guyed communication tower in Western Kansas.
Although the pilot project is not yet complete, early indications are that survey coverage for some of the grassland species of highest concern--Sprague's pipit, Baird's sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii), the chestnut-collared and McCown's longspurs (
Calcarius ornatus and
Calcarius mccownii, respectively)--is improved.
The following alternative prey species were regular noncolonial nesters or summer residents within a 10-km inland radius of Pearce Point: Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus), Canada Goose (Branta canadensis), Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus), Golden Plover (Pluvialis dominica), Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii), Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos), Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris), American Pipit (Anthus rubescens), Lapland Longspur (
Calcarius lapponicus), and Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis).
For example Smith's Longspurs (
Calcarius pictus) are considered vulnerable outside the breeding season because they winter in agricultural landscapes of the U.S.
Evidence of a second brood, after successful raising of the first, has not been documented unequivocally in four of those species: Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris (Beason, 1995), American Pipit Anthus rubescens (Hendricks and Verbeek, 2012), Lapland Longspur
Calcarius lapponicus (Hussell and Montgomerie, 2002), and Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis (Montgomerie and Lyon, 2011), although two cases of second broods produced by unmarked females were suspected in a seven-year study of Lapland Longspurs at 71.3[degrees]N in Alaska (Custer and Pitelka, 1977).
(Spizella passerina) Lapland Longspur Recorded in six years, with six of 11 records (
Calcarius in June.
The lapland longspur (
Calcarius lapponicus) was the second most abundant bird species observed in Kansas, but it was not among the four most abundant bird species in the crop fields of any of the other states.
M Charadrius 1 -23.97 8.24 E hiaticida Phalaropus 1 -24.73 7.24 E fulicarius Pluvial is 6 -23.22 (0.66) 6.69 (0.62) E, M fulva Pluvialis 5 -23.81 (1.52) 6.65 (0.54) E squatarola Larus heuglini 10 -25.12(0.59) 9.16(1.25) E Larus 2 -23.44 (0.53) 12.18(2.09) E hyperboreus Lagopus mutus 3 -24.48 (0.14) 2.17(0.45) E Anthus cervinus 1 -25.13 8.74 M
Calcarius 4 -24.92 0.45) 7.53 (0.61) M lappotticus Eremophila 6 -24.96 (0.90) 7.19 (3.33) M alpestris Luscinia 1 -24.69 8.28 M svecica Oenanihe 1 -24.24 7.89 M oenanthe Plectrophenax 8 -25.03 (0.73) 7.17(1.03) M, E nivalis Coregonus 2 -24.46 (0.86) 13.11 (0.14) M aututnnalis Coregonus 3 -25.37 (1.27) 11.99(1.07) M lavaretus Coregomis 3 -26.95 (0.22) 13.36 (0.47) M muksun Coregonus nasus 2 -22.37 (2.49) 11.02 (0.47) M Lota lota 1 -25.85 14.