The vowel is usually around
cardinal vowel two, but may also be slightly more open.
For example, in the discussion of the
cardinal vowels, it was noted that the
cardinal vowel [i] actually represents a range of sounds that are high front sounds.
If this vowel was about as high as
cardinal vowel 2, the change from /i/ to /e:/ would involve both a lengthening and a fronting process; if, however, /i/ was higher than
cardinal vowel 2, the change from /i/ to /e:/ would involve both a lengthening and a lowering process.
In most languages, the vowels employing
cardinal vowel symbols ([i], [e], [u], [[??]], [a], etc.) are usually centralized to a degree from the "extreme" cardinal positions.
The vowel /el is below the
cardinal vowel 2 and / l is above the
cardinal vowel 3.
Like English, the quality of most vowels simply do not line up with Jones's
cardinal vowel positions, even though one is obliged to choose the one deemed to be the closest symbol.
Following this tradition, the vowels of Hindko are described below with reference to
Cardinal vowel system, which is first discussed below.
It will also be noticed that vowels with the same symbol are not necessarily articulated in exactly the same location between F and E, and rarely occupy the extreme
cardinal vowel position.
[i] is a fully close central unrounded vowel, midway between
cardinal vowels 1 [i] and 8 [u].
He says that the idea of the
Cardinal Vowels by Daniel Jones is based on the concept that the vowels are limited by vowel space.