Carduus crispus

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Noun1.Carduus crispus - European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of branches
thistle - any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves
Carduus, genus Carduus - genus of annual or perennial Old World prickly thistles
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Among MHEs treatments, Arisaema ringens and Pueraria thunbergiana, and Carduus crispus used in this study are known to have saponin and flavonoid properties (Kim and Kim, 2003; Lee et al., 2009; Kim et al., 2012).
Strategy types are according to Grime's (1979) C-S-R plant strategies (C - competitive, S - stress-tolerant, R - ruderal) Strategy Betula10 Betula10 Species type planted natural Achillea millefolium CR/CSR 2 (0.4) 5 (0.5) Agrostis capillaris CSR Anthemis tinctoria R 1 (0.2) 3 (0.3) Artemisia absinthium CR/CSR 1 (0.2) 1 (0.1) Artemisia campestris 1 (0.1) Artemisia vulgaris C/CR 1 (0.1) Barbarea vulgaris R/CR 2 (0.4) Calamagrostis epigeios C/SC 3 (0.6) 4 (0.4) Campanula rotundifolia S Campanula trachelium * CSR Carduus crispus CR 1 (0.2) 1 (0.1) Centaurea jacea 1 (0.2) Cerastium holosteoides 2 (0.4) Cerastium sp.
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