One is a small kingfisher (
Ceryle Americana); it has a longer tail than the European species, and hence does not sit in so stiff and upright a position.
Most dominant birds were house crow, Corvus splendens (n=2518), house sparrow, Passer domesticus (n=772), common myna, Acridotheres tristis (n=327), black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (n=190) and jungle babbler, Turdoides striatus (n=186), and the least dominant pied kingfisher
Ceryle rudis (one); their relative abundance is represented in Table I.
Otus senegalensis, Halcyon senegalensis and
Ceryle rudis) and 89 omnivorous birds (n = 89) (e.g., Zosterops senegalensis, Actophilornis africanus and Eremopterix leucotis) was also recorded at Manjinji Pan.
Heavily grazed plots in Wuntori and Tugu shallow marshes, with severe animal trampling, supported high abundance of birds like the African pygmy goose (Nettapus auritus), collared sunbird (Anthreptes collaris), African jacana (Actophilornis africanus), Pied kingfisher (
Ceryle rudis), and the squacco heron (Ardeola ralloides) Figure 6).
According to Meier (2013), it has been observed in that both the Pied Kingfisher
Ceryle rudis and Mangrove Kingfisher Halcyon senegaloides are harassed on a regular basis by House Crows, and so it is clearly feasible that Collared Kingfishers at Kalba could suffer predation and mobbing pressure from that species.
Alcedinidae Ceyx lecontei African dwarf kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala Grey-headed kingfisher
Ceryle rudis Pied kingfisher 3.
Effects of substrate on prey use by belted kingfishers (
Ceryle alcyon): a test of the prey abundance-availability assumption.
virginana Intestine Byrd et al., 1942 Caecincola Micropterus Intestine Venard, 1940 parvulus salmoides Cathaemasia
Ceryle alcyon Intestine Harwood, reticulata 1936 Cercaria corti Helisoma Digestive Gland Byrd & trivolvis Reiber, 1940 C.
Kingfishers are present with 5 species of the two genera
Ceryle and Choroceryle.
Prey were categorized into 11 relatively discrete groups (guilds) on the basis of body size and our observations of their behavior (Tables 1 and 2): 1) large wasps; 2) waterfowl (Anseriformes, Podicipediformes, and similar birds); 3) small raptors and scavengers (e.g., American kestrels Falco sparoarius and common ravens Cocoas corax); 4) shorebirds (Charadriiformes, except large Laridae); 5) waders and other large, non-anseriform waterbirds (e.g., Ciconiiformes and large Laridae); 6) belted kingfishers (
Ceryle alcyon); 7) aerially feeding white-throated swifts and Hirundinidae, especially violet-green swallows; 8) non-riverine terrestrial birds (e.g., Columbiformes and terrestrial Passeriformes); 9) unidentified birds; 10) bats; and 11) other terrestrial taxa (mammals and reptiles).
Gmelin]), kingfishers (
Ceryle alcyon [Linnaeus]), and a variety of ducks.