In the process of skeletogenesis, the BMPs are concerned in recruiting and demarcation of mesenchymal cells into
chondroblasts and osteoblast and stir up program cell death at the site of future joints.
Holtzer, "MyoD converts primary dermal fibroblasts,
chondroblasts, smooth muscle, and retinal pigmented epithelial cells into striated mononucleated myoblasts and multinucleated myotubes," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.
This inflammation then acts as a stimulator of proliferation of mesenchymal cells that have inherent property of metaplasia and can differentiate into
chondroblasts or osteoblasts [22].
In the experimental group, at 4 weeks after of ASC injection, typical cartilaginous features with chondrocytes,
chondroblasts, and cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were shown.
MSCs should be able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and
chondroblasts in vitro (21).
Characterization consisted of differentiation in adipocytes,
chondroblasts and osteoblasts, using a protocol already established in the laboratory (9).
Finally, the fourth calcified layer is the deepest and is formed by
chondroblasts, chondrocytes and osteoblasts distributed throughout the articular cartilage.
(3) Chondroblastoma is typically seen in an epiphyseal location and is characterized histologically by the proliferation of immature chondrocytes (
chondroblasts) along with other secondary elements, such as mature cartilage, giant cells, calcification, and occasionally, aneurysmal bone cyst formation.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells in connective tissues capable of differentiating into a variety of specialized and functional cells, including osteoblasts,
chondroblasts, myocytes, and adipocytes.
From the histopathological point of view, the findings can be variable and may exist from mature forms with hyaline cartilage arranged in lobes (some with fibrosis, ossification, or myxoid areas) to immature forms with preponderance of
chondroblasts [10].