These cells, known as
chondrocytes, are returned into the patient's defect area in a second surgical procedure.
These adipocytes, osteoblasts and
chondrocytes are distinct from another production line in the bone marrow--the hematopoietic system--that makes red blood cells, blood-clotting cells and cells of the immune system.
The Authors would like to correct Figure 6 and Figure 8 that were published incorrectly in the article "Effect of JJYMD-C, a novel synthetic derivative of gallic acid, on proliferation and phenotype maintenance in rabbit articular
chondrocytes in vitro" in volume 47 no.
Articular cartilage is composed of
chondrocytes embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) formed mainly by type II collagen and proteoglycan aggrecan molecules, which they synthesize and degrade.
On the basis of morphology of
chondrocytes and matrix, articular cartilage structure can be divided into three zones; superficial (tangential), middle (transitional) and deep zone.
Hyaline cartilage, such as that found in the nose, microscopically consists of
chondrocytes. Derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs),
chondrocytes are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix that mainly consists of Type II collagen and proteoglycans.
A smooth connective tissue that protects the joints, cartilage is produced by cells called
chondrocytes but is not easily replaced once it is damaged.
Mechanical stimulation has been shown to have a strong influence on
chondrocyte biosynthetic activity.[2] Furthermore, multiple studies have suggested a regulatory role for intracellular Ca2+ in endochondral ossification, a process that includes
chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.[3] Based on the above findings, we hypothesized that mechanical stress alone or in combination with the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel inhibitor verapamil would stimulate
chondrocytes with respect to AGC biosynthesis.
14/782,070 related to methods of producing pluripotent stem cell-derived
chondrocytes,
chondrocyte lineage cells, cartilage-like tissue and cartilage.
The severity of the osteoarthritic lesions was graded on a scale of 0-14 by three independent observers using the Mankin scoring system as follows: Mankin score 0, normal cartilage with a smooth surface and a regular zonal distribution of
chondrocytes; Mankin score 1-4, cartilage surface shows fibrillations and a superficial loss of proteoglycans, but the zonal structure is intact; Mankin score 5-8, cartilage samples have clefts reaching down to the middle cartilage zone, and clusters of proliferating
chondrocytes are present; and Mankin score [greater than or equal to] 9, severely affected cartilage samples with clefts reaching down to the deep zone, in which the tangential zone is lost and
chondrocyte clusters are present.
Articular cartilage is a thin connective tissue, lining the ends of long bones, and consisting of predominantly water, aggrecan, colla gen type II, and
chondrocytes (Almarza and Athanasiou, 2004; Browne and Branch, 2000).