Because anaphylactic reactions can also induce Takotsubo syndrome, we have proposed the measurement of anaphylactic inflammatory mediators such as histamine, tryptase,
chymase, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and platelet-activating factors as well as the use of corticosteroids or mast cell stabilizers for the prevention of this condition (59).
Mast cell proteases such as tryptase and
chymase activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mast cells can produce MMP9 and MMP2.
IgE-activated mast cells release specific proteases, such as tryptase and
chymase (5).
Indicators of an allergic insult, histamine,
chymase, and tryptase, could not be studied.
It has been reported that
chymase and tryptase of the MC could be able to actively degrade HDL.
Our findings of a more inflammatory phenotype of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and particularly of a potential role of MCs for advanced atherosclerosis in CKD might be particularly important in view of recent experimental findings in the animal model of the ApoE knockout mouse [62] where pharmacological MC
chymase inhibition using the protease inhibitor RO5066852 was shown to reduce atherosclerotic plaque progression and to improve plaque stability.
Mouse anti-human
chymase (clone B7) and the secondary antibody goat anti-mouse IgG1 were from Chemicon International Inc.
Hase et al., "
Chymase mediates injury and mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes during acute ischemia/reperfusion in the dog," PLoS One, vol.
Stimulation of mast cells presents the antigen to the T cells which in sequence causes activation and degranulation of mast cell and release of various factors like TNF-[alpha], a series of interleukins (IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, and IL-16),
chymase, and tryptase.
MCs contain many cytoplasmic granules, which store a number of preformed mediators, including histamine, heparin, serotonin,
chymase, tryptase, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes.
Interventions of mast cells such as tryptase deficiency,
chymase deficiency, and mast cell functional substance antagonists attenuated the formation of AAA [137, 138].