Superconductivity occurs when electrons form pairs of opposite spin and opposite momentum, and these "
Cooper pairs" condense into a homogeneous electronic fluid.
where [mathematical expression not reproducible] is the Lorentz force acting on the charged
Cooper pairs. These two equations are the equations of motion of the super conducting
Cooper pair fluid in the presence of an induced curvature (from the embedding space-time), which in this paper is referred to as geometric field.
The diagonal elements represent the ordinary (dressed) vertices of the field interaction with quasiparticles and holes, respectively, while the off-diagonal elements of the matrix represent the effective vertices for a virtual breaking and formation of
Cooper pairs in the external field.
Electrons usually repel each other due to their negative charge, but the physicists saw evidence that the electrons partnered to form
Cooper pairs, which glide through a material without scattering.
These properties are due to the electrons being grouped in
Cooper pairs, behaving as bosons.
The Cooper-pair insulators are materials that exhibit superconducting behavior, but under specific conditions (regarding film thickness, bias voltage, applied magnetic field, and presence of magnetic impurities) they become insulators with thermally activated
Cooper pairs as charge carriers [1-4].
In the superconducting regime,
Cooper pairs can be formed within nanotubes and can also hop from one tube to another.
At an even more basic level, sets of electrons called
Cooper pairs form superconductivity.