Maternal
EPHX1 polymorphisms and risk of phenytoin-induced congenital malformations.
Third, using a candidate-gene approach based on a literature search for air pollution associated genes we investigated separately a set of 739 CpGs in 38 antioxidant and inflammatory genes (TGFB1, ARG1, ARG2, GSTM1, GSTP1, NQO1, SOD2, GPX1, HMOX-1, CAT, GSTT1,
EPHX1, NOS2, TNF, NFE2L2, GSS, GPX7, GPX2, GSTZ1, ALB, SRXN1, NOX5, ALOX12, NCF2, AOX1, MPV17, SIRT2, MBL2, OXSR1, OXR1, NUDT1, DUOX2, EPX, PXDNL, PXDN, MPO, LPO, TPO) (Carlsten and Melen 2012; Chen et al.
In this study, biological oxidation was determined to be the most significant pathway, which includes the upregulation of Aoc1, BC021614, Cyp17a1, Cyp27b1, Cyp2d22, Cyp2d26, Cyp4a14,
Ephx1, Gm10639, Gm3776, Gsto1, Maoa, and Maob and downregulation of Ces2c, Cndp2, Cyp2a4, Cyp51, and Cyp7b1.
They selected several genes known to play a role in metabolizing a broad spectrum of substrates, including pesticides, organochlorines, solvents, and PAHs, such as the phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, and CYP2E1), the phase II glutathione S-transferases (GSTP1 and GSTM3), and epoxide hydrolase (
EPHX1).
Fourteen differentially expressed genes (AREG (Amphiregulin), ATRN (Attractin), CD59 (CD59 molecule), CLU (Clusterin), CST3 (Cystatin C), DPEP1 (Dipeptidase),
EPHX1 (Epoxide hydrolase), LEAP2 (Liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2), LOC396871 (Arginine rich antibacterial peptides), MS4A2 (Membrane-spanning 4-domains), PIAP (Putative inhibitor of apoptosis), RETN (Resistin), UBP (Ubiquitin-specific protease), FBP (Folate binding protein) dentified in the array experiment were selected and analyzed by RT-qPCR.
We assessed expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian) (ERBB2, alias HER2), epoxide hydrolase 1 (
EPHX1), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), matrix metal-lopeptidase 7 (MMP7), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa (TOP2A), and ribosomal protein L37a (RPL37A) by quantitative 1-step reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR).