Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the effects of 3 different sedative agents on
electroretinography (ERG) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia).
Electroretinography (ERG) was not performed due to unavailability of the facility in the province.
Several different procedures can be performed to diagnose a retinal problem or to determine the extent or severity of that disorder and include a comprehensive eye examination which may include: 1) visual acuity test; 2) dilated eye exam; 3) Amsler grid; 4) angiography; 5) optical coherence tomography (OCT); 6) ultrasonography; 7) computed tomography (CT); 8) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and 9)
electroretinography (Khazaeni, L., 2018; https://nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/armd-facts).
The benefits of teleophthalmology [12] are diagnosis and formulation of treatment plans for diabetic retinopathy, visual acuity testing and refraction, low vision consultations, cataract screening, glaucoma screening, anterior segment imaging, continuing medical education by tele-education, transferring of ultrasound, electro-oculography and
electroretinography images, employment facilities to the local unemployed youths and outreach of quality services to remote rural and underserved areas where specialised medical care is not available.
A full-field
electroretinography response was not detected (this measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors, inner retinal cells, and the ganglion cells), but this does not necessarily imply total blindness.
The authors found a decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and a decrease in pattern
electroretinography (ERG) 3 to 4 months after injury, which correlated with punctate regions of reduced cellularity in the ganglion cell layer and damage to the optic nerve (Mohan et al., 2013).
(6) There are several tests that are used to detect retinal toxicity such as visual field analysis, fundus autofluorescence photography and
electroretinography (ERG).
Brigell et al., "ISCEV standard for clinical multifocal
electroretinography (mf-ERG) (2011 edition)," Documenta Ophthalmologica, vol.
Various studies using
electroretinography, colour vision, and contrast sensitivity testing reported neural tissue loss, in particular affecting retinal ganglion cells, apoptosis of retinal glial and neural cells, and decreased thickness of inner retinal layers before DR becomes clinically detectable [15-17].
However, there are reports on photoreceptor disruption with loss of photoreceptor segments in the acute phase, recognized by multifocal
electroretinography [7].
This statement is based on the demonstration of early subtle changes in microvascular hemodynamics [5], neuronal functionality in studies performed by
electroretinography [6, 7], and the decrease in thicknesses of the nerve fiber layer of the retina [8] in these early preclinical stages of retinal involvement.