Moreover, the cells of hypodermis were necrotic and blackened, with no differentiation between
exocuticle and endocuticle.
In the field of textile, for the wool fibers, because of the presence of disulphide cyctine cross-links in the
exocuticle and a fatty acids layer, their surface is hydrophobic, which makes wool fabric difficult to dye and process.
After molting, the weight of the insect cuticle corresponds to that of
exocuticle (Nohr & Andersen 1993).
The benzoylphenylureas (chitin synthesis inhibitors) are active during larvae ecdysis, specifically affecting chitin deposition, preventing it from secreting a new cuticle and freeing it from the
exocuticle (Silva et al.
It degrades the
exocuticle and destroys the tracheal lining of soft bodied insects.
The disease is seen as melanized brown to black erosions that commence with the removal of epicuticle, extend through the
exocuticle, then the calcified endocuticle, and, in extreme cases, penetrate the noncalcified endocuticle to the internal tissues (Smolowitz et al.
The percentage mortality (number of either nymphs that exhibited hyphal coverage on
exocuticle or color changed from transparent greenish to opaque white) was registered post treatment after seven days by using a binocular [20].
The procuticle is composed of the exo- and endocuticle which are composed mainly of chitin and protein, wherein the
exocuticle is generally melanized (Andersen, 2002).
Sections of the paturon were, therefore, examined with the TEM and showed that the
exocuticle is composed of an outer region extending 7-8 [micro]m towards the interior, in which around 86 alternate dark and light layers were observed (Fig.