After plasma sampling, piglets were immediately anaesthetised with an i.v injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg BW) and bled by
exsanguination. The entire intestine was rapidly removed, thoroughly fluxed with sterile saline to remove intestinal digesta, and then dissected free mesenteric attachments, weighed, and placed on a smooth, cold surface tray.
(1,2) The operative management of cervicomediastinal vascular trauma is challenging as surgical access is difficult, and loss of control can result in rapid
exsanguination. High morbidity and the mortality rates, ranging from 14-25%, have been cited in both South African and international reports.
Pigs were electrically stunned followed by
exsanguination. Carcasses were individually weighed to obtain hot carcass yield (kg) and then were evaluated for meat amount (kg), meat yield (%), and backfat thickness using apparatus for carcass classification with Henessay Grading Probe (HGP-4), according to the procedures used by the slaughterhouse.
However, in the case of profound hypotension or
exsanguination, blood can be given free-flow (UCSD Medical Center, 2007)
After 6 weeks of treatment, the animals were killed by
exsanguination. Animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee in Animal and Human Experimentation of Binzhou Medical University.
After electrical stun and
exsanguination (Bob Evans Farms, Xenia, OH), pancreata were retrieved and transported to the islet isolation laboratory in cold Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS; Mediatech, 21-020) on ice.
At the end of the fifth week, the rats were fasted overnight, anesthetized with thiopental (40 mg [kg.sup.-1] body weight) and euthanatized by
exsanguination. The periepididymal, retroperitoneal, subcutaneous and mesenteric fat pads were completely removed and weighted in a digital scale.
Death from refractory haemorrhaegic shock or
exsanguination in the first 24 hours remains the most common cause of mortality.
(5) In Vietnam, almost 40% of Soldiers who died of
exsanguination had a source of bleeding that could possibly have been controlled by a hemostatic agent.
When animals fulfilled the established gestational age, were anesthesized and then slaughtered by
exsanguination.
"
Exsanguination, or bleeding to death, is hard to detect," says Denniston, "since the child slips away quietly, and no one wants to disturb what appears to be a sleeping child."
After being anesthetized with ketamine, all cats were killed by
exsanguination. Cats in groups 1 and 2 were killed at 4 dpi and 7 dpi, respectively.