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Noun

Gnetales - chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms

plant order - the order of plants

class Gnetopsida, Gnetophyta, Gnetophytina, Gnetopsida, subdivision Gnetophytina - gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)

family Gnetaceae, Gnetaceae - plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum

Ephedraceae, family Ephedraceae - ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae

family Welwitschiaceae, Welwitschiaceae - in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae

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References in periodicals archive

and this in turn has been linked with changes in the distribution of parenchyma cells." Now that we know that Gnetales are conifer derivatives (Bowe et al., 2000; Burleigh & Mathews, 2004), and that Gnetales have attained, parallel to angiosperms, essentially all of the important anatomical features of angiosperm wood (Carlquist, 2012b), we have a source for demonstrating quite dramatically pathways of wood evolution in vessel-bearing angiosperms and their significance.

Living Cells in Wood 3. Overview; Functional Anatomy of the Parenchyma Network

Ephedra (Ephedra intermedia) belongs to family Ephedraceae and is a genus of nonflowering plants, related to Gnetales, very near relatives of angiosperms [3].

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids, and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Ephedra intermedia Indigenous to Balochistan

Careful comparison of these taxa with extinct and extant plant groups revealed the prevalence of following viz; Gymnosperm, Peltasperms, Gnetales, Medullosales and Ephedralels.

LATE-PERMIAN MONOCOLPATE AND SULCATE POLLEN FROM CHHIDRU FORMATION, SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN

The anatomical organization of leaves and woody tissues of Gnetum is very similar to those of dicotyledoneous plants (Fisher & Ewers, 1995) to the extent that Gnetales is considered a phylogenetic link between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Shutov, Braun, Chesnokov, Horstmann, Kakhovskaya & Baumlein, 1998).

Aclimatacion de plantulas de Gnetum leyboldii Tul. (Gnetaceae) a los cambios de luz en un bosque lluvioso tropical

Otros trabajos que han aportado conocimiento sobre el grupo son el de Martens (1971) acerca de la anatomia, citologia y embriologia de las Gnetales y el de Pant y Verma (1974), donde se hace un analisis de las caracteristicas de la epidermis y la cuticula en varias especies.

Revision taxonomica y distribucion geografica de Ephedra (Ephedraceae) en Mexico

Motomura H, Noshiro S, Mikage M (2007) Variable wood formation and adaptation to the alpine environment of Ephedra pachyclada (Gnetales:Ephedraceae) in the Mustang distict, western Nepal.

Wood anatomy and its relation to plant size and latitude in Buddleja L. (Buddlejaceae)/Anatomia de la madera de Buddleja L. (Buddlejaceae) y su relacion con el tamano de la planta y la latitud/Anatomia da madeira de Buddleja L. (Buddlejaceae) e sua relacao com o tamanho da planta e a latitude

Following (Chase et al., 1993; Doyle et al., 1994; Soltis et al., 1997; Soltis et al., 2000; Zanis et al., 2003) a set of gymnosperms (specifically Gnetum and Ephedra (Gnetales)) was designated as outgroup.

The systematic position of the monocotyledons inferred from 26S RNA gene DNA sequences

Extant seed plants comprise five clades [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 1 OMITTED]: cycads, Ginkgo, conifers, angiosperms, and Gnetales (Ephedra, Welwitschia, Gnetum).

Heterochrony and developmental innovation: evolution of female gametophyte ontogeny in Gnetum, a highly apomorphic seed plant

(2010) there is considerable diversity in male gametophytes amongst the four orders of gymnosperms (Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales).

Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue--A Plant Conservation Perspective