Bivalve molluscs can be categorized based on their sexual reproductive system into those with
gonochorism and those with hermaphroditism, as in other organisms with sexual reproduction.
They may exhibit
gonochorism (fixed separate sexes), simultaneous (or synchronous) or sequential hermaphroditism.
Evidence of
gonochorism in a grouper, Mycteroperca rosacea, from the Gulf of California, Mexico.
The ovaries of the smooth lumpsucker are characterized by the absence of sperm in all gonads, indicating
gonochorism, oviparity, and external fertilization (Devlin and Nagahama, 2002).
Fish species have complex patterns of sex determination which range from hermaphroditism, with individuals presenting both female and male gonads, and
gonochorism, where each individual presents only female or male gonads, to TSD.
loreto, to exhibit
gonochorism (De Mitcheson and Liu, 2008) and nest-building behaviour with demersal spawning and male parental care (Asoh and Shapiro 1997; Sazima et al., 1998).
Variation in sexual systems (protandry,
gonochorism) and reproductive biology among three species of the shrimp genus Thor (Decapoda: Caridea).
In teleost fish, there are a variety of sex determination mechanisms ranging from hermaphroditism to
gonochorism and from ESD to GSD [4].
Abstract.--The sex allocation pattern of various populations of spotted sand bass are thought to vary from functional
gonochorism to strict protogyny.
gonochorism and sexual polymorphisms (Charnov 1982).
The sexes are separate (
gonochorism) in sexual populations, hence self-fertilization is ruled out as a mode of uniparental reproduction.
However, increasing evidence indicates that some species are diandric hermaphrodites, such as the catface grouper (Epinephelus andersoni) (Fennessy and Sadovy, 2002), and Sadovy and Colin (1995) confirmed
gonochorism, with the potential for protogynous sex change, in the Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus).