Among these three families, the mammalian HMGA gene family is composed of HMGA1 (HMGI/Y) and
HMGA2 (HMGI-C) (Reeves, 2001; Murua Escobar et al., 2005).
Angiolipoma seems to show aberrant expression of full-length
HMGA2, although at levels lower than in lipoma with 12q rearrangements.
HMGA2 (previously HMGIC) gene rearrangements or amplifications are also seen in PA and carcinoma ex-PA but are less common (7,8) and are not, to our knowledge, currently used for testing in a clinical setting.
Ahmad, "Let-7 microRNA regulates neurogliogenesis in the mammalian retina through
Hmga2," Developmental Biology, vol.
Zhao et al., "The long noncoding RNA HULC promotes liver cancer by increasing the expression of the
HMGA2 oncogene via sequestration of the microRNA186," The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.
Multiple ICC markers, including galectin-3 (GAL-3), HBME-1, CK19, CXCR4, CD44,
HMGA2, MRC2, SFN, and cyclins D1 and D3, have been investigated on cell block materials individually, and all have demonstrated some value in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.
The translocations/rearrangements result in gene fusions involving the transcription factor-encoding genes pleomorphic adenoma gene 1(PLAG1) and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (
HMGA2).
Differential expression of HMGA1 and
HMGA2 in dermatofibroma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: potential diagnostic applications, and comparison with histologic findings, CD34, and factor XIIIa immunoreactivity.
A recent study of immunophenotypes of the tumor revealed that high-mortality group AT hook 2 (
HMGA2) is usually positive in hepatoblastoma cells, as are GPC3 and [beta]-catenin.
One of 3 cases analyzed for high-mobility-group AT-hook 2 gene (
HMGA2) by FISH was positive for gene rearrangement.
In some cases, immunostains for [beta]-catenin, WT1, ERBB-2 (formerly HER2/neu),
HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2 gene), and Ki-67 were also performed when appropriate.