foot, human foot, pes - the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot"
They can be used to treat flat feet (and, increasingly, high arches), as well as plantar fasciitis and other types of heel pain, arthritis of the big toe (hallux rigidus), tendinitis, pain in the ball of the foot, and other foot problems.
In case of a "functional hallux rigidus," the typical pain will be elicited by compressing the FHL tunnel and at the same time forcing the hallux and the ankle into maximum dorsiflexion; this pulls a distally inserting FHL muscle belly down into the FHL tendon tunnel ("like a cork in a bottle").
Potential subjects were excluded if they had previous bunion surgery hallux rigidus (stiff big toe), or hallux limitus (limited range of motion of the big toe); rheumatoid dis-ease; functional foot orthoses; pregnan-cy; or were age 60 years or greater.
In addition, in the differential diagnosis of the first MTP joint arthritis (podagra), inflammatory arthritis such as RA, gout, pseudogout, etc., septic arthritis and degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis, hallux valgus, hallux rigidus) should be taken into account (13).
Pain over the top of the toe joints after wearing heels may be a sign of wear and tear like hallux rigidus in the big toe or synovitis or freiburgs in the second toe.
The distal articular surface of the first metatarsal is a common site of osteoarthritis, causing hallux rigidus. The blood supply to the head of the toe must be respected when performing distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus as avascular necrosis may occur (Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists 2006).
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