The
harderian gland is the main source of tears in birds, and it lies in the retrobulbar region, adjacent to the sclera, near the base of the third eyelid (WILLIS & WILKIE, 1999; BAYON et al., 2007; WILLIAMS, 2012).
Preliminary investigations of melatonin and 5-methoxy-tryptophol synthesis in the pineal, retina, and
harderian gland of the mole rat and in the pineal of the mouse "eyeless".
In the thymus, proventriculus,
Harderian gland, and heart, the lesions severity was scored in 5 grades as 0 (normal), 1 (mild), 2 (mild to moderate), 3 (moderate), and 4 (moderate to severe).
sicula, the effect of tamoxifene to restore the estradiol-induced increase of mast cells number in the testis and in
Harderian gland was investigated [32, 33].
At 15, 25 and 30 day old, body weight, WBCsDC and heterophils/lymphocytes ratio (H/L ratio) were measured; also thymus and
Harderian gland were subjected for histopathology examination.
Tissue and regions 26-week study examined Weight Light microscopy Abnormalities X Adrenals X X Aorta-thoracic X Brain (cerebellum, cerebrum, X X midbrain, and choroid plexus) Caecum X Colon X Dosing site X Duodenum X Epididymis X X Esophagus X Eyes X Femur (femorotibial joint) a
Harderian glands X Heart (including auricular X X and ventricular regions) Ileum X Jejunum X Kidneys X X Lachrymal glands X Liver (section from two lobes) X X Lungs (section from two major X X lobes including bronchi) Lymph nodes-Inguinal (left X and right) Lymph nodes -Mesenteric X Optic nerves X Ovaries X X Pancreas X Pituitary X X Prostate X X Rectum X Salivary glands Submandibular X X Parotid X Sublingual X X Sciatic nerves X Seminal vesicles X Skeletal muscle (M.
[beta]-Galactosidase staining of whole organs and tissue sections revealed that SPL is highly expressed in the thymus, liver, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, brain, spinal cord, trigeminal nerve ganglion, kidney, bladder, skin, preputial gland,
Harderian gland, pituitary gland, ribcage, brown adipose tissue, adrenal cortex, ovary, and testis [61].
Furthermore, it is clearly carcinogenic only to mouse, inducing liver hepatocarcinomas in B6C3F1 mice, hemangiosarcomas in male CD-1 mice, lymphosarcoma in both sexes, and
harderian gland adenoma in males (NTP, 2011, 2014).
There is no gland of the nictitating membrane proper; however, a lacrimal gland is present inferotemporal to the globe of the eye, and a
Harderian gland sits adjacent to the posterior sclera, near the base of the nictitans but not part of it.
Oleoyl-CoA is the major de novo product of stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 gene isoform and substrate for the biosynthesis of the
harderian gland 1-alkyl-2, 3-diacylglycerol.