The
heterophylly occurs in Nymphaeaceae species only in the seedling stage (Hoehne, 1948; Sculthorpe, 1967); however, in the laboratory, it was not possible to verify the emergence of all eophylls because seedlings did not develop until the next adulthood.
Variation in
heterophylly in Ranunculus flammula L.
Heteroblasty versus
Heterophylly. These two developmental processes have been described to occur in a broad spectrum of embryophytes, from bryophytes to many flowering plant families.
Villani PJ, Etnier SA (2008) Natural history of
heterophylly in Nymphaea odorata ssp.
Adaptative phenotypic plasticity: the case of
heterophylly in aquatic plants.
This approach allows us to discuss other related topics such as plant-animal interactions (e.g., moose browsing in our area can be significant), effects of sexual versus vegetative reproduction,
heterophylly (differences in leaf form on the same individual plant), delayed leaf senescence and winter hardening, and early spring leaf flush--all of which tend to occur in deciduous plants undergoing compensatory growth.
It was after this characteristic feature called "
heterophylly", later encountered in other Pitcairnias too, that the species was named.
It is noteworthy that the ontogenetic trajectory is often influenced by environmental factors (the reaction norm), sometimes in an abrupt way as in the case of aquatic plants that make different kinds of leaves above and below water (
heterophylly), or the insect that produce winged and wingless forms at different population densities.
For example, some aquatic plants produce different kinds of leaves above and below water (
heterophylly), and some insects produce winged and wingless forms at different population densities.
pruinosa) that are distinguished by their highly developed
heterophylly. A single tree may bear some leaves that are rhomboid in shape and others that are lanceolate and do not resemble each other.
Optimal
heterophylly and communication effectiveness: Some empirical findings.
VISIBILITY Explicit/formal Implicit/informal FLEXIBILITY Rigid Elastic DISCIPLINE Procedural Reciprocity PUNISHMENT Bilateral Betrayal RELATIONSHIP Authority Trust DIVERSITY
Heterophylly Homophily ANALOGUE Freeways Surface streets Hierarchies derive both their value and their limitations from the functions that they serve, namely turning complex problems into simple surrogates, the response to which can be selected with a minimum of effort and thought.