CHICAGO -- Compared with that of calcineurin inhibitors, belatacept appears to be associated with a lower risk of
keratinocyte carcinomas in solid organ transplant patients, based on results from a single-center analysis presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.
Beyond their relevance in thermoregulation and sensory functions, hair follicles play an important role in wound healing, as they are a supplementary source of
keratinocyte stem cells (Fuchs, 2016).
The isolated
keratinocytes were cultivated in a serum-free
keratinocyte growth medium (K-SFM, Gibco), and fibroblasts were cultivated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (HyClone, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS, Gibco, Canada).
HaCaT cells, human spontaneously immortalized
keratinocytes with full epidermal differentiation capacity, have been widely used as an in vitro
keratinocyte model (9,16).
axis inhibits
keratinocyte survival and proliferation.
HaCaT cells, spontaneously immortalized human
keratinocyte line [15], were kindly provided by Cell Line Service GmbH (Eppelheim, Germany) and cultured in 5% C[O.sub.2] at 37[degrees]C in regular Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Euroclone S.P.A., Milan, Italy) containing 1.8 mM [Ca.sup.2+], or with DMEM (Gibco, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) at low concentration of [Ca.sup.2+] (0.07 mM).
Research has proven that smoking 1) causes a decrease in capillary blood flow to the skin caused by vasoconstriction, 2) releases an abundance of free radicals into the skin tissues, 3) increases
keratinocyte dysplasia, 4) decreases
keratinocyte migration, and 5) decreases the production of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
Keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, which is outermost layer of the skin.
Evidence that cadherins play a role in the downregulation of integrin expression that occurs during
keratinocyte terminal differentiation.
In contrast, an inhibitory effect of [beta]-catenin on reepithelialization has been suggested in a study that showed enhanced epidermal nuclear accumulation of [beta]-catenin at the edge of chronic ulcers and that pharmacological stabilization of [beta]-catenin inhibits
keratinocyte migration by increasing c-Myc expression [23].