Perhaps the
Lipans were all that were left of these people by reservation days.
I Fought A Good Fight: History of the
Lipan Apaches is a thoroughly researched, scholarly examination of the
Lipan Apaches (one of multiple Apache groups) of the American Southwest, from the earliest archaeological evidence to the diaspora that spread surviving
Lipans amid a variety of other ethnic groups across a wide geographical range.
In 1844, under the direction of Major Neighbors, "the Republic of Texas signed a 'Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce' with the Commanches, Keechies, Wacoes, Caddoes, Anadarkoes, Ionies, Delawares, Shawnees, Cherokees, Lipans and Tawakonies" (Koch 1925b, 263).
In 1845, President Anson Jones appointed him as Indian agent for the Lipan and Tonkawa tribes.
Mescaleros claim that
Lipan Apaches formerly had Mountain Spirit dancers, though they had already been lost to
Lipan tradition when a small remnant of
Lipans joined the Mescalero tribe in the early 1900s.
I'm sending you across the Rio Grande after the Lipans, Kickapoos, and the Apaches.
I'm burning out everything in my path-everything Kickapoo, Lipan, and Apache, and anything else that the darkness fails to distinguish.
Apart from general and indirect information, the documents listed mention the following specific peoples: Apaches, Bidais, Carrizos, Chafalotes, Cholones, Cimarrones, Comanches, Karankawas, Limas,
Lipans, Mayos, Mescaleros, Moquis, Natages, Navajos, Norterios, Opatas, Orcoquizas, Papagos, Pericus, Platos, Pimas, Pueblos, Salineros, Seris, Sibupapas, Sobaipuris, Sumas, Tarahumares, Texas, Tepocas, Tiburones, Tumanes, Yaquis, Yumas, and Yutas.
The
Lipan Apaches: People of Wind and Lightning is a studious examination of the history of the
Lipan Apaches, a Native American tribal group that played a major role in Texas history for at least four centuries.