Bending wave is a dispersive wave and the wave velocity is different from that of the
longitudinal wave. Waves reflecting from the crack surface interferes with that from the inner and outer surfaces of the DP.
In case of the perfect fluid only displacement [u.sub.n] excites the
longitudinal wave in outer fluid.
Nonlinear
longitudinal wave was monitored at different positions along the length direction of tensile specimens for each sample.
One can generalize the phase velocity of a
longitudinal wave for all states of the matter
We denote the displacement of the reflected
longitudinal wave by [u.sub.1], the lateral displacement produced by the flexural wave by [v.sub.1] in beam 1, the longitudinal displacement in string 2 by [u.sub.2], the lateral displacement in string 2 by [v.sub.2], the longitudinal displacement in beam 3 by [u.sub.3], and the lateral displacement in beam 3 by [v.sub.3].
Where m* is the band-edge effective mass, k is Boltzmann constant, T is the lattice absolute temperature, h is Plank constant divided by 2, Tu* Tu gives the tunneling probability density of the outgoing electron, F is Fermi energy level, l is energy of the electron associated with
longitudinal wave vector of the electron in the conduction band, V is the applied voltage.
For example,
longitudinal wave, transversal wave and some types of surface waves are observed in bulk specimen.
As shown in Figure 3, the
longitudinal wave velocity and density of the sandstone specimens heat treated at 800[degrees]C were both lower than those at room temperature, with difference amplitudes of 66.68%-71.84% and 5.31%-11.02%, respectively.
The nonzero elements [b.sub.13], [b.sub.24] of the matrix B determine the mutual transformation of longitudinal and transverse waves polarized along x-axis, whereas elements [b.sub.15], [b.sub.26] describe the relationship between transverse waves polarized along y-axis and
longitudinal wave. Nonzero element [b.sub.45] defines the mutual transformation between the waves of transverse polarization.
Thus, the spread speed of the
longitudinal wave of the ultrasound in the drilling mud is [c.sub.L].
where E is ultrasonic Young's modulus, G is Kirchhoff's modulus, [mu] is Poisson's Ratio, [rho] is apparent density, [C.sub.L] is speed of a
longitudinal wave, and [C.sub.T] is speed of a transverse wave.