1946), the pen name of Andre Pierre-Louis, is a prolific poet and essayist in both French and
Martinican Creole.
Then again he recognizes his Blackness, his ethnicity (as
Martinican), and the faux imagery that the French attribute to his existence.
(17) Using the example of Frantz Fanon, Mignolo (2009) demonstrates that with the question, 'What does it mean to be a Negro?' the
Martinican philosopher is questioning the Western knowledge provided to him about black people ('de-linking' from it or decolonizing it) in order to produce knowledge from the black body itself.
She studied ballet with a Russian emigre and later with the dancer, choreographer, and teacher Ruth Page, in whose La Guiablesse (1934), based on a
Martinican legend with an all-black cast, Dunham would make an early triumph.
The concept of Negritude developed by the
Martinican Aime Cesaire 1945 and the Senegalese poet and Politician Leopold Sedar Senghor (Senghor 1977) was the most pronounced assertion of the distinctive qualities of Black culture and identity.
Gual y Espana writings from the important cultural studies research currently being produced by US, Latin American, and Caribbean studies scholars such as Hortense Spillers, Paul Gilroy, Michel Rolphe Trouillot, David Scott, Sybille Fischer, Jeffory Clymer, and Holly Jackson, in addition to those cited below, who--following in the anticolonial tradition of
Martinican Frantz Fanon, Cuban Roberto Fernandez Retamar, and North American David Brion Davis--, explore the constitutive relationship between racialized slavery and bourgeois republican thought in the Americas.
INDIANITE or Indianness, a term first introduced during the early 1970s by the
Martinican researcher, Gilbert Francis Ponaman, is a cultural project that seeks to valorize the East Indian diaspora who came as indentured laborers to the French West Indies during the post-slavery era.