Medievalists from Europe, North America, and Israel first address concepts and approaches--the impact of the oral theory on medieval studies, the interplay of orality and literacy, questions of performance and performers, oral poetics, and orality and ritual--then traditions and genres: Older Germanic poetry, medieval German literature, drama, the ballad, the epic and lyric, Middle English romance, the Old French chansons de geste, the Italian cantari, Romanian epic songs, Hispanic epic and ballad,
medieval Greek and Russian epic, Arabic epic narrative, Persian and Turkish epic and romance, medieval Hebrew traditions, Irish narrative, woman's songs, the pastourelle, popular song, and Andalusi-Arabic strophic poetry.