Molecular phylogenetic studies have made an important contribution in corroborating the
monophyly of some groups recognized in previous systems [2].
(2010) upheld the
monophyly of Loranthaceae, with the Schoepfiaceae and Misodendraceae families as sister groups.
We found no consistent support for reciprocal
monophyly between the Yaqui and Sinaloa catfishes, but this possibility was not rejected by the analysis.
Monophyly of Aporocotylidae was not supported; however, those aporocotylids infecting principally marine and estuarine bony fishes clearly were monophyletic.
Monophyly of both clades is well supported by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses (CHATROU et al., 2012).
The next branch with several (13) synapomorphies (85), (22-1), (25-3), (30-2), (32-7), (35-2), (36-4), (37-5) (383), (39-2), (40-2), (42-2), and (47-1) indicates the
monophyly of Corixoidea.
Nevertheless, synapomorphic adult features for the subfamily have been elusive, and proposals regarding the
monophyly of the subfamily largely rested on the retention of presumed plesiomorphic character states, mostly in wing venation.
They also note that this provides strong evidence for arachnid
monophyly and a single shared terrestrial arachnid ancestor.
Notably, support for enteropneust
monophyly is moderate (65/0.99), and SH testing did not reject the alternative hypothesis (enteropneust paraphyly).
lupus demonstrated that North America, Europe and most of Asia populations represent a single mega-ESU, showing reciprocal
monophyly with allopatric distributions.
Monophyly of the genus Osteopilus is supported by a 93% bootstrap value and a 0.99 posterior probability, although the relationships among species are not fully resolved (Fig.