The production of ammonia was detected by adding Nessler's solution as described by Sims and Collins [24] and Rana and Mastrorilli [18].
Microorganisms were cultured in nitrate broth, which had a Durham tube to collect gas; production of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate was detected by adding Nessler's solution, Trommsdorf's solution, and Diphenylamine, respectively, as described by Sims and Collins [24].