The neurosecretory cells may also be involved in regulating various physiological processes in this mussel, for example, the
neurosecretion in lamellibranches has been associated with the control of the gonadal mitosis, glycogen metabolism, ciliary activity, growth, mobility, responses to environmental stress (e.g, salinity and temperature) and in particular on changes related to the ontogenetic development of this individuals (Mathieu et al.; Carroll & Catapane, 2007).
Nakazato et al., "Centrally administered neuromedin U activates
neurosecretion and induction of c-fos messenger ribonucleic acid in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of rat," Endocrinology, vol.
Also in bivalves, correlations have been found between, on the one end, the neurosecretory activity and, on the other end, the neuronal lipid stores and the breeding cycle--for instance, in the ganglia of the mussel Crenomytilus grayanus, numerous neuronal lipid droplets were present in the spawning period whereas those inclusions were found in very low amounts in the prespawning period; i.e., the lipid contents were inversely proportional to the extent of
neurosecretion (Reunova et al.
Catt, "Muscarinic regulation of intracellular signaling and
neurosecretion in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons," Endocrinology, vol.
Neurosecretion and gonad maturation in a population of Donax trunculus L.
Today, it is known that, in the central nervous system (CNS), NO production is associated with cognitive function, its role extending from the induction and maintenance of synaptic plasticity to sleep control, appetite, body temperature, and
neurosecretion (6).
Similar structural modifications of neuronal-glial interactions under conditions of enhanced
neurosecretion occur in parallel in the neurohypophysis, the major projection site of magnocellular neurons, leading to facilitation of hormone release to blood circulation [46].
Receptors for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides are involved in many neuronal as well as nonneuronal mechanisms, including short-term purinergic signaling such as neurotransmission, neuromodulation,
neurosecretion, immune responses, inflammation, platelet aggregation, and vasodilatation, and long-term purinergic signaling of cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death in development and regeneration [7].
All CNTs cleave the specific family of proteins integral to the exocytotic process [the soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) protein attachment receptor (SNARE) proteins] 1[degrees] and block neurotransmitter release and
neurosecretion. Among the CNTs, TeNT inhibits the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine and [gamma]-aminobutyric acid through proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal SNARE protein synaptobrevin/VAMP2[5,11,12].
Localization of synaptic proteins involved in
neurosecretion in different membrane microdomains.