Some Ferula species contain monoterpene hydrocarbons [[beta]-pinene, sabinene, camphene, [beta]-phellandrene, and (E)-[beta]-ocimene], alkane derivatives (
nonane), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (germacrene D, germacrene B, [delta]-cadinene, (Z)-[beta]-farnesene, dehydrosesquicineole, and eremophilene), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (germacrene D-4-ol, [alpha]-cadinol, shyobunone, epi-shyobunone, 6-epi-shyobunone, [beta]-eudesmol, and [alpha]-eudesmol) were the major components of some Ferula species.
Nonane has 35 isomers (including n-nonane) and they are one of the major components of iso-alkanes in the gasoline mixture by a volume fraction of 2.4% as shown in Table 1.
A previous study assessed the antimicrobial activity of the volatile oil from Fusarium tricinctum, containing 12.0% 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl-4-vinyl bicyclo[5.2.0]
nonane, against eight bacteria and two fungi [33].
[sup.13][C.sub.6]-hexachlorobenzene (100 [micro]g/mL in
nonane) used as the internal standard was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, USA).
During the last 6 weeks of the diet intervention, the mice from each group were injected intraperitoneally (200 [micro]L/25 g) once a week with either 5 [micro]g/kg TCDD (LGC Standards) diluted in corn oil (Sigma) (n = 16) or the vehicle (
nonane diluted in corn oil, Sigma) (n = 14).
- Cn: carbon number in the series of n-alkanes (example: Cn = 8 octane (C8 noted), Cn = 9
nonane (C9 noted)
Heavier unsaturated hydrocarbons in paraffin series,
nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane, may occur in gasoline and in the exhausts--most often the nonane--but they have dominant sources in releases from consumer products (mainly from industrial synthetic building materials and housing equipment [35]), from the industrial waste streams and the contaminated urban soil [36-40], though environmental behavior of the vapors from the subsurface gasoline contamination of soil and groundwater is not a well understood phenomenon.
Pronounced noh-na-nahl or noh-na nal, it is a straight-chain aldehyde containing nine carbon atoms (usually the 1-monoaldehyde of
nonane).
(1997) Photoelectron spectroscopy of liquid water, some alcohols, and pure
nonane in free micro jets.