In the 1960s, L-DOPA was first used in Parkinson disease, and more than 20 years later, surgical procedures were introduced including pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation.
Pascual--Sedano, "Effects of pallidotomy and bilateral subthalamic stimulation on cognitive function in Parkinson disease: a controlled comparative study," Journal of Neurology, vol.
The effect of the lesioning procedures, such as pallidotomy (lesioning in the globus pallidus) or subthalamic nucleotomy (lesioning in the STN), is immediate and permanent in most instances.
However, the availability of alternative treatments such as drug therapies, and various surgeries such as pallidotomy and thalamotomy for treating Parkinson's disease; lobe resection, lesionectomy, and corpus callosotomy for treating epilepsy, acts as major restraints for the growth of the global market of neurostimulation devices.
From functional neurosurgery to "interventional" neurology: Survey of publications on thalamotomy, pallidotomy, and deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease from 1966 to 2001.
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