Ne'eman, "Pollination of a core flowering shrub species in Mediterranean
phrygana: variation in pollinator diversity, abundance and effectiveness in response to fire," Oikos, vol.
creticus;
phrygana) or the evergreen sclcrophyllous habit (Buxus sempervirens and Juniperus oxycedrus; maquis).
The effect of nutrient and water availability on nectar secretion and nectary structure on the dominant Labiatae species of
phrygana. Syst Geograph Plants 1999.
Habitat.--On all the islands where the new species was collected, it was found in the typical Aegean garrigue and
phrygana formations with herbaceous plants and small bushes (Figs 33-34).
shrubs and
phrygana species, such as Euphorbia acanthothamnosHeldr.
(1997) as a new syntaxon to encompass the pine forests and associated scrubs on ultramafic peridotites (Erico manipuliflorae-Pinetum halepensis) as well as
phrygana (Stachyo-Alyssetum euboei) and therophyte-rich communities (Malcolmio-Alyssetum densistellati; Thero-Brachypodietea).
Their thin profiles and residual clays and oxides favour shrubs such as kermes oak (Quercus coccifera) and thorny burnet (Sarcopoterium spinosum), typical of montane
phrygana and coastal maquis, rather than vigorous grass growth, and their use for grazing is thus limited.
Juniperus oxycedrus and Buxus sempervirens are both evergreen sclerophyllous (maquis), whereas Cistus creticus and Thymus sibthorpii are both seasonal dimorphic (
phrygana).
As a single species is a rather minimal outgroup, we added to the matrix another Phaeoparine species, Phaeoparia
phrygana Jago 1980, to replace "Taxon 14".
Much of its native vegetation has undergone dramatic changes during this process, leading to the formation of many secondary or subseral communities such as the characteristic shrubland communities (maquis,
phrygana, matorral, garigue, etc.) that form a conspicuous part of contemporary Mediterranean landscapes (Thompson, 2005 and references therein).
This vegetation formation of Mediterranean semishrubs covering the entire area has been locally known since biblical times as "batha" (
phrygana).