Plasma osmolality values were calculated with the following formula:
Acute increase in
plasma osmolality as a cause of hyperkalaemia in patients with renal failure.
Under NFC, ruminal distension, ruminal fluid osmolality,
plasma osmolality and thirst levels all increased at the same time during the second hour of the 2 h dry forage feeding period.
The ability of the spiny mouse to tolerate a larger increase in
plasma osmolality than the C57BL/6 mouse is one way in which this species adapts to increased sodium chloride intake.
One proposed mechanism by which sodium alters sweat rate is due to its impact on active cutaneous vasodilation through changes in
plasma osmolality. As core body temperature increases during exercise, skin blood flow and sweat rate increase.
Blood urea nitrogen-creatinine ratio and
plasma osmolality, commonly used indices to measure hydration, were found to be elevated in patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke (Crary et al., 2013; Lin et al., 2011; Rodriguez et al., 2009).
As a treatment tool it was introduced in recognition of the sudden reduction of urea and small solutes that occurs immediately after dialysis initiation, which results in a fall in
plasma osmolality. It was postulated that maintaining (or increasing) dialysate sodium would increase serum sodium concentration, allowing optimal UF and prevention of IDH.
Plasma osmolality of unfrozen frogs was measured by vapor-pressure osmometry (5520, Wescor) or freezing point-depression osmometry (3320, Advanced Instruments) using appropriate NaCl standards.
Osmolar clearance (Cosm) was determined from
plasma osmolality (POSM), urinary osmolarity (Uosm), and urine flow (V) according to the following formula: Cosm = Uosm.