I did my Biology at University College,--getting out the ovary of the earthworm and the
radula of the snail, and all that.
festiva Hubrecht, 1888, including
radula morphology, ventrolateral foregut glands, and descriptions and illustrations of the reproductive system.
Los dos ejemplares seleccionados para las observaciones de la
radula, los elementos del cinturon y la micro topografia del tegumento, se prepararon utilizando el metodo descrito en Bullock (1985).
Such a
radula conforms to the pattern seen in Tropidophora (Ligatella) Martens, 1880 (Fischer-Piette et al.
Much of the work conducted in this and other molluscan systems has focused on motor systems, especially motoneurons controlling the buccal feeding apparatus and
radula (Murphy, 2001; Elliott and Susswein, 2002; Wentzell et al, 2009).
1996), the efficiency of the
radula (Daume & Ryan 2004, Johnston et al.
The central tooth of the
radula is tricuspid or unicuspid.
McLean (1981, 1982), however, identified certain lineages within these subfamilies that shared distinctive features of the shell,
radula and epipodium.
Larvae had 8 rows of chitinized
radula teeth at the commencement of bioassays.
The species possesses a relatively large file-like
radula that appears to be used for scraping the very fine bone fragments found in its guts.
They are primitive prosobranchs with
radula modified for herbivory (Brusca and Brusca 1990) and possess a single snail-like shell.