Shear force, texture profile analysis and subjective evaluation
Shear Force. The
shear force of SLS was measured using a Texture Analyzer (500 N, Zwick GmbH & Co.
The deflection, rotational angle, bending moment, and
shear force of the existing tunnel which is assumed as an infinite beam on the Winkler foundation and the Pasternak foundation are illustrated in Appendix A.
The force sensor for
shear force microscope (SFM) has been produced by gluing a sharpened probe to a QTF or a resonator of some other type [2].
With decreasing tip-to-sample distance, increasing
shear forces between tip and sample surface lead to a damping of the vibration amplitude and to a phase shift, which can be used to continuously keep a predefined damping value related to a constant distance of about 50[+ or -]100 nm by means of a software-controlled feedback loop (Hengstenberg et al.
After leaves were removed from the stem, the
shear force, weight, diameter and length, moisture content (MC), and chemical composition of the stem, the dominant part contributing to stylo nutritive value, were measured.
The terms [F.sub.INT], [F.sub.EXT] represent the total
shear force intensities in the interior and exterior walls at the interface level, respectively.
The exception was on the assessment of accuracy through deflection, rotation, bending moment and
shear force profiles, in which only the results obtained using the DSG beam elements were presented.
However, using this approach for
shear force developments at points of discontinuity (point loads, supports), descriptions using beam theory are complicated not to say problematical, since shear displacements would also be approximated discontinuously and thus unrealistic.