Sharing a needle or syringe for any use, including injecting drugs under the skin (skin popping), steroids, hormones or silicone, could put you at risk of HIV and other infections found in the blood like hepatitis C, she added.
All patients reported history of injecting heroin; seven reported using black tar heroin, six injected heroin by skin popping, and one patient did not report injection method.
Skin popping can create an anaerobic environment of necrotic tissue in which BoNT can be readily formed and released (6).
In later stages when patients are not able to access the vein, drug may be injected into subcutaneous tissue (skin popping) or in the muscles (muscle popping).
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