Score 2 is characterized by Sertoli cells only, scoring 3 by
spermatogonium, scoring 4 is characterized by low amounts of primary spermatocytes, whereas scoring 5 is dominated by primary spermatocytes.
The DUSP4 protein was essential in the process of endoderm generating
spermatogonium or oogonium (Brown et al., 2008).
Additionally, nuclear diameter of type A
spermatogonium which has a flattened nucleus was measured by two different direction, i.e., vertical and horizontal, and then calculated as average of diameter of type A
spermatogonium.
Differences in diameters of spermatogenic (
spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa) and oogenic stages (oogonia, previtellogenic oocyte, vitellogenic oocyte, and postvitellogenic oocyte) between diploids and tetraploids were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (Statistica v.8).
Surviving
spermatogonium (SG) between the Sustentocytes cells.
In hepatopancreatic cells of the diseased crab (Figure 2), condensation and margination of nuclear chromatin, disappearance and deformation of mitochondria cristae, and endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes disintegration, and different size of vesicles could be observed Nuclear condensation, cell atrophy and intercellular space and a lot of
spermatogonium with distinct nuclear pyknosis and vesicles could be observed in gonad of the diseased crabs the membrane of
spermatogonium was thicken and rucked up (Figure 3).
However, in these species germ cell development is clonal, since each
spermatogonium is surrounded by a single Sertoli cell in the seminiferous lobules; and thus a group of clonal germ cells arising from a single
spermatogonium develops synchronously within the cyst (Schulz et al., 2010).
During normal development, neonatal gonocytes transform into adult dark
spermatogonium at approximately six months of age (Hutson et al., 2013).
The most susceptible cells were actively dividing
spermatogonium and spermatocytes up to preleptotene phase.