Our bodies actually have but a single muscle that directly lowers the larynx, the
sternothyroid, which starts at the sternum and ends at the thyroid cartilage.
NMIHF has a composite structure that is vascularized by the superior thyroid artery and vein pedicle, is innervated by the deep branches of ansa cervicalis, and includes the upper parts of the sternohyoid,
sternothyroid and omohyoid muscles (7, 8).
The lateral superficial surface is convex and is covered by the
sternothyroid muscle.
The lateral thyroid lobes are dissected away from the overlying
sternothyroid muscles with ligation and division of the middle thyroid veins when present.
Then, the "sandwich" pedicle artificial trachea was placed into tracheal bed beneath behind
sternothyroid muscle.
Partial cutting of
sternothyroid (ST) muscle during thyroidectomy is a well-established surgical technique to expose the superior pole of the thyroid gland, especially in patients with large thyroid gland [2, 7, 8].
Anteriorly, the trachea is covered by skin, superficial fascia, deep fascia and strap muscles (sternohyoid and
sternothyroid).
Important dynamic stabilizers consist of the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, strap muscles (sternohyoid,
sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and the omohyoid), and paraspinal muscles.