These results are also evidence of a slow
transverse wave propagating backward on the BM.
According to the experimental measurement result, the spread speed of 64 K ultrasound in drilling mud with a density of 1.1 g/[cm.sup.3] is 1380 m/s, where as that of the ultrasound longitudinal wave in the steel material is approximately 5850 m/s, and the f
transverse wave is 3230 m/s.
where E is ultrasonic Young's modulus, G is Kirchhoff's modulus, [mu] is Poisson's Ratio, [rho] is apparent density, [C.sub.L] is speed of a longitudinal wave, and [C.sub.T] is speed of a
transverse wave.
Original waveforms and basic characteristic information of the microseismic wave case, for example, the arrival time of the longitudinal wave (P wave), the arrival time of the
transverse wave (S wave) and the peakparticle velocity (PPV), are shown in Figure 4.
The [u.sup.v] displacement wave equations can be expressed as a longitudinal wave equation for the dilatation [epsilon] and a
transverse wave equation for the rotation tensor [[omega].sup.[mu]v] [16].
Light, that also has properties of a
transverse wave, although it is an electromagnetic wave, has likewise benefited from the help of Slinky[R] for its understanding.
Among the topics are damped simple harmonic motion,
transverse wave motion, waves in more than one dimension, and non-linear oscillation.
For example, using the expressions for the fields from [15], the
transverse wave impedance for the transverse magnetic mode [Z.sub.TM] can be written as
The introduction of shear stresses at the bone split region, back, and free end due to curvature caused conversion of the stress wave from the longitudinal to the
transverse wave. The longitudinal and shear bulk velocities are defined as:
Effects of stiffness and thermal relaxation times on the amplitude ratios for incidence of various plane waves, for example, longitudinal wave (P-wave), thermal wave (T-wave), and
transverse wave (SV-wave), are depicted numerically and shown graphically with angle of incidence.