Two species of humming-birds are common;
Trochilus forficatus is found over a space of 2500 miles on the west coast, from the hot dry country of Lima, to the forests of Tierra del Fuego -- where it may be seen flitting about in snow-storms.
Woodland structure, rather than tree identity, determines the breeding habitat of Willow Warblers Phylloscopus
trochilus in the northwest of England.
1997: High frequency of extra-pair paternity in a dense and synchronous population of willow warblers Phylloscopus
trochilus. J.
Evidence of reduced habitat quality for Willow Warblers (Phylloscopus
trochilus) breeding close to a highway.
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Up to 6.4% of the species observed had no breeding opportunities within the study area (Actitis hypoleucos, Aquila pomarina, Merops apiaster, Muscicapa striata, Phylloscopus
trochilus, and Sylvia borin).
These studies produced an outpouring of publications in several scientific journals, largely on social factors influencing breeding behaviour in insects and seabirds, but also on insect migration in the Pyrenees and behaviour of the western sandpiper Ereunetes mauri and the willow warbler Phylloscopus
trochilus in continuous daylight.
Migrant Willow Warblers Phylloscopus
trochilus observed foraging preferentially in low desert shrubs much in the manner of Asian Desert Warblers Sylvia nana, Lulu island, Abu Dhabi.