(Valerianaceae) Iridoid glycosides,
valerianic acids###Sleep and anxiety disorders
Roots and rhizomes of VW contain a volatile oil (
valerianic oil) containing valerenic acid, isovalerenic acid, and terpineol (Arora and Arora 1963; Nadkarni 1976).
acid; b-pinene; b-sitosterol-glucoside; borneol; bornyl acetate; camphor; caprionic acid; carvone; cinnamic acid methyl ester; cinnamic alcohol; confertiflorin; confertifolin; ellagic acid; fenchone; formic acid; gallic acid; isodrimeninol; isodrimenol; isopolygodial; isorhamnetin; isotadeonal; kaempferol; malic acid; melissic acid; P-cymol; persicarin; persicarin-7-methyl ether; phellandrene; poligonone; polygodial; polygonal; polygonolide; quercetin; quercetin-7-glucoside; quercitrin; rhamnazin; rhamnesin; rutin; sitosterol; tannic acid; terpineol;
valerianic acid [17].
source for * Leishmaniasis breeding * Onchocerciasis * Insecticides * Loiasis for buildings Brachycera * Tularemia * Bites cause * As above * Trypanosomiasis relatively * Avoid infested large, painful areas during bite wounds the daytime and secondary hemorrhages Cyclorrhapha * Trypanosomiasis * Bites are not * As above immediately * Avoid infested recognized but areas during in time become the daytime tender, hard swellings; some may produce anaphylactic reaction Note: Mosquitoes and flies find their hosts by chemical signals such as C[O.sub.2] or
valerianic acid in sweat.