The authors routinely assessed adverse events, including post-ERCP pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, cholecystitis, perforation, and bleeding at 24 and 48 h after the procedure by evaluating symptoms, signs, laboratory test results and performing imaging examinations if necessary.
These complications may result in obstructive jaundice or acute cholangitis, necessitating urgent decompression by surgical, radiological, or endoscopic techniques.
Delayed and unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;10:1157-61.
According to the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) for acute cholangitis, endoscopic transpapillary drainage is the most recommended for acute cholangitis [1, 2].
The 2007 and updated 2013 Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) [4-13] are a widely accepted standard for systematically diagnosing, assessing, and managing acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) and acute cholangitis based on severity scoring systems [1].
Six suspicious diagnoses were encoded: acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholangitis, intestinal obstruction, and gastrointestinal perforation and prognosis.
We evaluated the association of the cannulation time with ERCP experience, diagnostic ERCP, acute cholangitis, juxtapapillary diverticula, papilla on the rim of the diverticulum, malignant biliary stricture, tumor invasion in the gastroduodenal tract, and bile duct stone impaction at the papilla.
The 3 methods of drainage treatment for acute cholangitis and obstructive jaundice include endoscopic drainage, percutaneous drainage, and surgical drainage [1].
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