Adenosine triphosphatase, a protease on the biofilm, exists in the histiocyte and organelle membranes and plays an important role in the substance transportation, energy conversion and information transmission [27].
Adenosine triphosphatase stains are used in most muscle laboratories for distinguishing type-1 and type-2 fibers.
The toxicity of oleander cardiac glycosides is related to their ability in inhibition plasmalemmal sodium, potassium
adenosine triphosphatase ([Na.sup.+], [K.sup.+]- ATPase), leading to sodium accumulation in excitable cells such as nervous tissue and myocardium [9,10].
Decreases in calcium, sodium-potassium
adenosine triphosphatase activity and sulfhydryl content, coupled with an accompanying production of protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, indicated that extensive handling of the samples during freeze-thaw cycles promoted protein and fat oxidation.
The author in this review points out that stress increases circulating catecholamines, which in turn inhibit both magnesium-calcium and sodium-potassium
adenosine triphosphatase, leading to rises in cellular calcium and sodium and renal loss of potassium and magnesium.