It originates from the sympathetic nervous system, most frequently from the
adrenal medulla. The heterogeneous clinical behavior of neuroblastoma is dependent on numerous clinical as well as biological features (1).
The parenchyma of the
adrenal medulla is specialised for neurohormonal release, itself being a modified sympathetic ganglion.
Adrenal medulla tumorlerine ait serilerin incelenmesinde bildirilen degisik oranda kompozit doku varligi bilgisi ile birlikte sayica az rastlanan KAMT'lerin daha sistemik degerlendirilmesi, feokromositoma olarak rapor edilen adrenal tumorlerin daha ayrintili histopatolojik incelenmesi gerekliligini ortaya koymaktadir.
PCCs are uncommon neuroendocrine tumors that arise from chromaffin cells of the
adrenal medulla and produce excessive amounts of catecholamines, which are responsible for hypertensive surges, palpitations, headache, and diaphoresis (5).
They formed cellular columns directed towards the
adrenal medulla, separated from each other by sinusoids (Fig.
Pheochromocytoma is a rare neoplasm arising from chromaffin cells in the
adrenal medulla and is characterized by increased catecholamine synthesis and release.
Normally, norepinephrine is mainly secreted by sympathetic nerve terminals and the brain, and epinephrine is mainly secreted by the
adrenal medulla. When healthy volunteers were upright, normal blood pressure was maintained by norepinephrine.
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (P-PGL) are catecholamine-secreting tumors, which respectively arise from chromaffin cells of the
adrenal medulla and the sympathetic ganglia.
The cellular compartment of the
adrenal medulla is necrotic with intermingled fibrin exudation (star) (haematoxylin and eosin, original magnification 4x insert, original magnification 20x).
Signs and symptoms such as headache, palpitations, and hypertension resembling a pheochromocytoma may also be seen as a result of compression of
adrenal medulla by cysts that grow into the adrenal gland [9].
Vitamin C is an important cofactor for both adrenal cortex and
adrenal medulla. Endocr Res.
The clinical picture of abnormal electrolytes results and hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucosa elicited investigation into Addison's disease due to bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, which was then confirmed by the detection of low plasma cortisol levels (3.8-11.0 [micro]g/L) and high adrenocorticotropin levels (524-888 pg/ml), leaving the function of adrenal reticular zone and
adrenal medulla normal.{Figure 1}
adrenal medulla - the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine